What is the difference between a bachelor's degree and a master's degree - how many years to study, how to receive a diploma. What is an applied bachelor's degree and an academic bachelor's degree? Bachelor's degree program

Content

Nowadays, young people have access to two-level higher education. Every student who in the future wants to become an excellent specialist in his chosen profile must clearly understand bachelor's and master's degrees - what they are and how these degrees differ from each other. The difference between them is significant, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Find out what are the features of these academic degrees.

What is a bachelor's degree

This is the first, basic stage of academic education. The conditions for accessing it are simple. You need to receive a secondary, secondary specialized or vocational education. You can enroll after graduating from the 11th grade of a school, specialized college, technical school, or college. There is a misconception that a bachelor's degree is an incomplete higher education. This is not true. A bachelor's degree is the first full-fledged level of higher education, with which a person has the right to get a job in his specialty.

How long do they study?

As a rule, the educational process lasts four years, although there are exceptions. A student receives an academic bachelor's degree after passing exams. It is worth noting that there are a number of specialties that cannot be mastered even at a basic level in 4 courses, especially in the medical and technical fields. Training at such faculties is divided into other stages that do not fit into the general concept of the European educational standard.

Bachelor's program

The plan is focused on giving the student practical knowledge in his chosen specialty. There are practically no narrowly focused disciplines in the educational program. If they are included, then with a minimum number of hours, and provide only basic knowledge. The bachelor's degree was initially conceived for the student to choose a narrow specialty and consciously continue studying in it at the master's level. In Russian practice, this stage has become relatively independent.

Bachelor's degrees have recently been divided into two categories based on a number of characteristics and tasks assigned to students, although this innovation is not yet practiced everywhere. Types of the first stage of academic education:

1. Applied. For students who plan to get a job immediately after graduating from higher education. Practical training is underway. The form of study at the applied bachelor's degree is full-time/full-time only.
2. Academic. Professional training for bachelors planning to enroll in a master's program in the future. The emphasis is on research work, with many theoretical courses. You can study both full-time and part-time.

Bachelor's degree in Russia

The program began to be introduced into the practice of our country after the signing of the Bologna Convention. The reform implies the gradual creation of a single educational space of the European standard. Higher education in all countries should be two-stage: bachelor's and master's degrees. Previously, students received a specialist diploma after studying for 5-6 years. Now they are gradually moving away from this practice, but so far the “specialty” level has not been completely abolished, because not all professions can be mastered in 4 years, even at a basic level.

What is a master's degree

This is the second stage of higher education, but to gain access to it you must obtain the first. A person is considered a master after he has completely completed the educational process. Bachelors and people who received a specialty before the Bologna system was introduced can enroll in a master's program for free. The course of subjects is selected so that the student is maximally immersed in practical and scientific activities.

The programs are led by teachers of the highest qualifications, doctors of science. From the very first semester, each student is assigned a mentor from among them. Under the guidance of a teacher, a person chooses a direction of scientific research and defends a master's thesis. Until the student has defended his dissertation, he is a master's student. During the training, he acquires teaching skills and upon completion of the program can work as a teacher.

Why is it needed?

Many people don’t understand why go to lectures for some more time, if after a bachelor’s degree you can immediately get a job. A master's degree is necessary for a person to have the right to occupy leadership positions. To enter a job in a number of specialties, you also need to obtain a second level of higher education. In addition, you can complete a master’s program in order to receive an education in a specialty other than your originally chosen one.

What gives

Education is not easy, but it brings many benefits. After graduating from the master's program, you will receive the following opportunities:

1. You will be able to occupy leadership positions and work in specialties that require both levels of higher education.
2. Professional growth will be fast even under conditions of high competition.
3. You will receive a lot of useful and in-depth theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
4. If you realize that you have chosen your specialization by mistake, then the master's program gives you the right to change it.
5. The scholarship and other social guarantees (a place in a dormitory, etc.) will be extended for another number of years.
6. The path to graduate school and teaching will be open to you.

Do I need to go to a master's program after a bachelor's degree?

Each person makes this decision personally. It would be objectively unfair to say that a bachelor’s degree is an inferior education. However, before deciding whether to enroll in a master's program, think about the following opportunities that it provides to a university graduate:

• the diploma is recognized internationally;
• experience working with foreign teachers;
• carrying out developments and research for PhD work;
• equivalence of foreign scientific qualification PhD.

How to apply for a master's degree

Receiving the second stage of higher education is possible only after completing a bachelor's degree. It will be necessary to pass an oral comprehensive interdisciplinary examination in the field of study. Its content and procedure are determined by each university, so they differ everywhere. The results are assessed on a 100-point scale in accordance with the requirements of the Bologna system. The training lasts two years. You don’t have to enroll right away; first, you can work in your specialty for several years.

Who can apply

To submit documents you must have a higher professional education. A bachelor's, specialist's, or master's degree is suitable. Additional documents required are an application, an identity card, a medical certificate and several photographs. To enroll on a budget basis, you need to have either a bachelor's degree or a specialty obtained before the Bologna process. Master's education may not be related to the last time chosen direction of fundamental training.

Master's degree in another specialty

In the process of obtaining higher education, you will be able to change its direction. You can take any specialty, but practice shows that it is preferable to choose a related one. However, if you are confident that you have the necessary knowledge to pass the entrance exam for a completely different profession, there are no obstacles. A master's degree after a bachelor's degree in another specialty is available at any Russian university and even outside the country.

Paid by employer

Labor legislation lists compensation and guarantees for employees who combine professional activities with training. For example, master's programs in a number of specialties, especially highly scientific ones, are financed by the employer, to whom the funds will be transferred by the state. If admission is the employee’s personal initiative, then he will have to pay for training; the company can only provide leave at its own expense.

If the second scientific level is necessary for an employee to advance his career in a particular organization, he does not have the right to fire him. In this situation, two scenarios are possible:

1. The employer pays all expenses related to education. This is done if the company is very interested in the employee.
2. The company provides days of paid leave to attend preparatory courses, lectures, and take exams.

What is the difference between a bachelor and a master?

The difference between these levels of education is not only the number of job opportunities. What is the difference between a bachelor's degree and a master's degree, which is better? A few examples:

1. Only a bachelor's degree can enroll in a master's program.
2. Only a student who has an academic master's degree has the right to study in graduate school.
3. Bachelor's degree lasts four years. In the master's program - two.
4. The second stage of higher education can be obtained in a specialty other than the one you acquired during your bachelor's degree.
5. Who is a Bachelor? It is focused on work activity and the practical use of acquired knowledge. The master's program prepares students for work in the research field.
6. The second stage of higher education is not available in all educational institutions.

Bachelor's degree

This document confirming that a person has the first qualifying level of higher education provides him with the right to employment in the specialty he has received, as a rule, in the social and economic spheres. Its holder has every right to continue his education and enroll in a master's program. In foreign practice, most people immediately get a job after receiving a bachelor's degree. Only those who plan to engage in science and research continue their studies.

With such a document, a person has a wide choice of places of work. A master's degree significantly increases your chances of finding employment in your specialty in analytical and research centers and large corporations. This diploma is a must-have for individuals who plan to subsequently enroll in graduate school or engage in teaching.

Video

The Presidential Academy (RANEPA) offers applicants 22 areas of undergraduate higher education programs and 5 areas of specialty study. In total, RANEPA operates about 80 educational programs and profiles in basic socio-economic and humanitarian disciplines.

What is a bachelor's degree

Bachelor's degree is the basic level of higher education accepted in Russia and abroad. Bachelor's degree programs usually last 4 years. A bachelor's degree does not imply a narrow specialization, but guarantees general fundamental training in a wide field of knowledge in the chosen field. Upon completion of training, the graduate is issued a diploma of higher education with a bachelor's degree.

After receiving a bachelor's degree, the graduate can continue his studies at, and after graduation, enter the.

A bachelor's degree from a Russian state university is recognized by both Russian and foreign educational institutions and employers.

Along with the new levels of higher education (bachelor's and master's degrees), there is a traditional type - a specialty, the program of which provides for a five-year study. Upon completion of the specialty educational program, the graduate is issued a diploma of higher education and is awarded the qualification (degree) of “specialist”.

Advantages of bachelor's programs at RANEPA

• A diploma of higher education from one of the most prestigious state universities in Russia.
• Study at the Presidential Academy, the only university in Russia with presidential status.
• RANEPA is the largest socio-economic and humanitarian university in Europe, whose educational programs and technologies are highly valued in Russia and abroad.
• Education at the Presidential Academy is carried out in close connection with practical Russian and international experience.
• The Academy has partnerships with leading international universities and regularly organizes programs, seminars and master classes with the participation of world-famous foreign professors.

Bachelor's programs at RANEPA

• Business Informatics
• State and municipal administration
• Design
• Journalism
• Foreign Regional Studies
• Arts and Humanities
• Story
• International relationships
• Management
• Political science
• Applied Informatics
• Psychology
• Public Policy and Social Sciences
• Regional studies of Russia
• Advertising and Public Relations
• Service
• Sociology
• Trading business
• Quality control
• Personnel Management
• Economy
• Jurisprudence

The Academy also has 5 specialty programs:

• Legal support of national security
• Psychology of performance
• Judicial and prosecutorial activities
• Customs
• Economic security

Contacts of the RANEPA admissions committee

Address: Moscow, Vernadsky Avenue, 84, building 6.

+7 499 956-99-99

(Bachelor's and Specialist's degrees)

Opening hours: 10.00 - 17.00

Admissions Committee of the Institute of Economics, Mathematics and Information Technologies:

Opening hours: 10.00 - 17.00
Phone: +7 499 956-90-07; +7 499 956-90-08; +7 499 956-90-09.
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view it.

Acceptance of documents to the Academy for undergraduate and specialist programs is carried out separately by two admissions committees: the admissions committee of the Academy and the admissions committee of the EMIT Institute.

Acceptance of documents for undergraduate programs (on contract), for master's programs of the Institute of Finance and Sustainable Development (IFSD) is carried out at the address: Moscow, Signalny proezd, D.23A.
Acceptance of documents for undergraduate programs in the field of study 03/38/05 Business Informatics (on contract), for master's programs in the field of study 04/38/05 Business Informatics of the Faculty of Information Technologies and Data Analysis of the Institute of Economics, Mathematics and Information Technologies (FITAD EMIT) is carried out according to address: Moscow, st. Sadovniki, D.4, building 2.

Today we’ll talk about the principles by which students choose between a bachelor’s degree or a specialty and what advantages each of these training programs has.

Modern Russian system higher professional education provides the opportunity to obtain several qualification degrees. If previously in our country only certified specialists graduated from universities, today young people have the right to choose between bachelor’s, specialist’s, master’s and postgraduate degrees.

Let us note that if master's and postgraduate programs do not raise questions, since without further ado it is clear that this is a certain academic degree, then not everyone knows how a bachelor's degree differs from a specialist's degree. That is why today we will talk about the principles by which students choose between a bachelor’s degree or a specialty and what advantages each of these training programs has.

What are bachelor's and specialty degrees?

A specialty is a traditional form of higher education for Russia. Upon completion of training, a university graduate receives the qualification “certified specialist”. At the same time, he has the opportunity to go to study both in master's and graduate school.

Bachelor's degree is the first stage of higher education. The student chooses a direction in advance and studies according to it. Such education provides precisely the basics of a specialty, that is, the base of necessary knowledge for obtaining a profession. After graduating from a university, a student acquires a bachelor's degree qualification and has the opportunity to go to master's programs.

And on bachelor's degree, and people who have completed secondary or secondary vocational education (that is, after graduating from college or technical school) can enter the specialty. It is believed that a specialty includes a bachelor's and master's degree program.

The difference between a bachelor's degree and a specialty degree

If you are planning to enter a higher education institution, then first you need to decide which qualification is more important for you: specialist, bachelor or master. This will greatly influence which company you go to work for. Employers react differently to bachelor's and specialist degrees. Also, Russian enterprises have the same requirements, while international companies may put forward completely different ones.

Previously, all Russian students studied only at the specialty level. Accordingly, after graduation they were awarded the qualification “certified specialist”. At that time, two-level systems were already in full use abroad. education system. After some time, such a system was introduced in our country. Now in domestic universities you can find both the old and the new system.

What are their differences? Let's get a look:

• at a bachelor's degree you will study for 4 years, and at a specialty for 5 or 5.5 years (depending on the specialty);
• A bachelor studies the basics of the profession and general disciplines. A specialty, on the contrary, involves studying a narrow specialty in a profile chosen by the student;
• In the first 2 years of both qualifications I study general education subjects. Then the division begins.
• with a bachelor's degree you can get the basics of a profession and then go into any field; with a specialty, you most often gain knowledge in a specific narrow area;
• Having received a bachelor's degree, a student can only go to a master's degree. A specialist can immediately go to graduate school, bypassing the master's program;
• Bachelors can apply for free master's studies, since this level of qualification allows them to participate in the competition. For specialists, the master's degree will be paid, as it will be considered a second higher education. According to the law, a second higher education can only be obtained for money.
• A bachelor can only get into graduate school if he completes a master's degree.

As mentioned above, many employers understand that graduates specialists study longer and, accordingly, gain more knowledge in narrow areas. Therefore, a bachelor’s degree in the modern labor market is less in demand than a specialist’s degree. However, employers are very mistaken when they believe that a bachelor’s degree cannot be called a completed higher education. By graduating with this qualification, the student receives all the necessary professional knowledge and skills.

Advantages and disadvantages of a bachelor's degree

Oddly enough, bachelor's degrees in Russia are now very popular. In modern Russian universities it is much more common than a specialty. What is the reason for such popularity of bachelor's degrees? Of course, the benefits it provides:

• Bachelor's degree is considered international education system. Therefore, after graduation, the student can safely go abroad to work there. Europe has the same two-tier system.
• The student has a wide choice of places to work. Due to the practice-oriented nature of the training without being tied to any one narrow specialization, a bachelor’s degree can apply for many vacancies that require higher education.
• the training lasts only 4 years (that is, you “save” at least one year).
• Already during the learning process, a student can decide on a further choice of profession and enroll in a master’s program in a narrower specialty (at the same time, he can continue his studies at the expense of the budget).
• During their studies, future bachelors are given a deferment from the army.

Now let's say a few words about the shortcomings of this training program.

As mentioned above, employers often do not value bachelors because they are convinced that four years of study is not enough to acquire a high level of professional knowledge and skills. Another serious drawback is go to the budget Although it is possible to get a master's degree, it is very difficult. And a paid master's degree can be very expensive. At the same time, a deferment from the army will be granted only if the student is studying full-time in a master's program.

Advantages and disadvantages of specialty

A specialist has many advantages over a bachelor:

firstly, employers value students who have completed a specialty degree, which makes it easier for certified specialists to find work;

• secondly, after a specialty, you can immediately go to graduate school without wasting time studying for a master’s degree;
• thirdly, it is easier to start doing scientific work;
• fourthly, students are given a deferment from the army;
• fifthly, future specialists have the opportunity to enjoy student life one year longer.

If we talk about the shortcomings specialty, then, first of all, it is necessary to note:

• inability to go to master's programs on a budget basis, since this will be considered a second higher education;
• Such education is not valued abroad. They only have a two-tier system and they have no secondary qualifications;
• If you want to study further, then there will be no deferment from the army.

If you are striving for rapid economic independence, then studying for a specialty may seem too long to you (up to 6 years).

Let's sum it up

Choosing a training program depends on your future goals. If you are studying a specialty, then you are not so much getting an education as mastering a certain profession. While at a bachelor's degree, you will receive a general education of a certain focus rather than a specific specialty. It is also important to evaluate how long you are willing to study. If you need to get your education as soon as possible, then it is better to choose a bachelor's degree.

Assess for yourself whether you need a master's degree and whether you can afford it from a financial point of view. If you want to continue your education, but cannot pay for it, then it is better to go for a bachelor’s degree. Then there will be a chance to get into a budget place. According to statistics, 20% of bachelor's graduates get into the budget department of the master's program.

If you are going to engage in scientific activities, then it is better to go for a specialty. This way you will save 1-1.5 years.

Pay attention to what company you want to work for. If international is preferable, then it is better to choose a bachelor's degree. If it’s Russian, then it’s a specialty.

The transition to the Bologna education system introduced innovations, replacing the one-level higher education familiar to everyone in Russia with a two-level one. Now training for most specialties is possible only through the bachelor's and master's degree systems, and only a few (medical, engineering, military) remain available in the familiar form of five-year education.

To answer the question “which is better, a bachelor’s degree or a specialist’s degree,” it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of these two forms of education.

Features of the Bachelor's Degree

The bachelor's degree is the first stage of two-level education according to the Bologna system. The undergraduate program allows students to gain general knowledge in their chosen field. Among its advantages, the following should be noted:

• After just four years of study, graduates receive a diploma of higher education and can choose either to continue their studies at the second stage (master's degree) or to build a career.
• It is possible to quickly change professions by taking special courses, without the need to retrain for several more years.
• A bachelor's degree is recognized in foreign countries, which gives its holder the opportunity to enroll in a master's program at a foreign university or immediately find a job in a foreign country.
• The disadvantages of a bachelor's degree include:
• Impossibility of employment for a number of positions in the educational sector in Russia and in government bodies without passing the second stage;
• Inability to enroll in graduate school and defend a dissertation.

Features of the specialty

The difference between a specialty and a bachelor's degree is that a specialty is a five-year form of education familiar to residents of our country, at the end of which the graduate receives the title of certified specialist. The specialty program involves both obtaining basic knowledge and specialized training in the chosen profile. The advantages of this type of education include the fact that graduates of the specialty:

• are more quoted on the Russian labor market than bachelors;
• have the opportunity to teach at Russian universities and the right to hold positions in government agencies.

Now about the disadvantages:

• A “specialist” diploma gives you less chance of enrolling in a foreign master’s program or getting a job there.
• Entering a master's program after completing a specialty does not provide a deferment from the army, while a bachelor's degree + master's degree is a six-year deferment.

As you can see, both directions of higher education have both their pros and cons. Therefore, the question of what to choose, a bachelor’s degree or a specialty, is decided by each future student for himself, depending on his goals. Bachelor's and master's degrees are largely focused on obtaining theoretical knowledge, which means they are more suitable for those who want to develop in the scientific field. A specialty provides highly specialized knowledge and skills for professional activities.

Bachelor's degree- the first level of higher education, involves training in certain training profiles. The student receives fundamental training in the chosen educational program. Upon completion of training, the graduate is issued a diploma of higher education with the qualification “bachelor”, which gives the right to enter a master’s program on a competitive basis.

Specialty- level of higher education. The student receives fundamental and special training in accordance with the educational program in the specialty. Upon completion of training, the graduate is awarded the qualification “specialist”, which gives the right to enroll in master’s and postgraduate studies.

Persons with secondary general education, secondary vocational and higher education are allowed to study in bachelor's or specialist's programs.

BACHELORATE AND SPECIALIST PROGRAMS

DEAR APPLICANTS!

Acceptance of documents for training for general budget places and for places under contracts for the provision of paid educational services ends:

• July 10, 2019– for persons entering training based on the results of entrance examinations conducted by the Academy (branch) independently for full-time and part-time and part-time forms of study at places within the admission quotas and at places under contracts for the provision of paid educational services.
• July 26, 2019– for persons applying only based on the results of the Unified State Exam for full-time study at places within the admission target numbers.
• August 5, 2019– for persons applying only based on the results of the Unified State Exam for full-time and part-time forms of study to places under contracts for the provision of paid educational services.
• August 21, 2019- for persons enrolling for distance learning at places under agreements for the provision of paid educational services.

Acceptance of applications for consent to enrollment ends:

for bachelor's degree programs and specialist's programs for places within the target figures and under agreements for the provision of paid educational services in full-time and part-time forms of study:

for places within the target figures for full-time education:

• July 28, 2019 from persons entering without entrance examinations, entering places within quotas, if these persons simultaneously submitted applications for admission to two or more higher education organizations in accordance with paragraph 59 of the Admission Rules.
• August 1, 2019 from persons included in the lists of applicants for the main competitive places and wishing to be enrolled in the first stage of admission to the main competitive places.
• August 6, 2019 from persons included in the lists of applicants for the main competitive places and wishing to be enrolled in the second stage of admission to the main competitive places.

to places under contracts for the provision of paid educational services:

• August 10, 2019 from persons included in the competitive lists and wishing to be enrolled at the first stage of enrollment.
• August 15, 2019 from persons included in the lists of applicants for competitive places and wishing to be enrolled in the second stage of enrollment.

for bachelor's degree programs and specialist's programs for places under agreements for the provision of paid educational services via correspondence courses:

• September 6, 2019 from persons included in the competitive lists and wishing to be enrolled

List of documents provided by applicants:

For citizens of the Russian Federation:

• identification documents, citizenship;
• document on education or document on education and qualifications;
• documents established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, giving the right to special rights or benefits - for persons applying for these benefits;
• 2 photographs (3x4, matte, black and white) for applicants based on the results of entrance tests conducted by the Academy independently;
• taking into account the individual achievements of applicants when applying for training. The procedure for taking into account individual achievements is presented in section IV of the Admission Rules.

For foreign citizens:

• A document proving the identity of a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation or the identity of a stateless person in the Russian Federation in accordance with Article 10 of the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 115-FZ “On the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation” ( with a translation into Russian certified in accordance with the established procedure * ). The last name, first name and patronymic (if any) of the applicant, indicated in the translations of the submitted documents, must correspond to the last name, first name and patronymic (if any) of the applicant, indicated on the entry visa.
• A document on education or education and qualifications and (or) a duly certified copy of it (in the case established by Federal Law, also a certificate of recognition of foreign education). Documents received in a foreign country are presented legalized in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, or with an apostille (except for cases where, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) an international treaty, legalization and apostille are not required).
• Photos – 2 pcs. (3x4, matte, black and white).
• Other documents specified in clauses 58, 62.1 of the Admission Rules.

If, when submitting a document of a foreign state on education, a certificate of recognition of a foreign education is required, then the applicant may, when submitting an application for admission, submit the specified document without such a certificate, followed by the submission of a certificate of recognition of a foreign education no later than the day the acceptance of applications for consent to enrollment is completed.

When submitting a document from a foreign state on education, which requires legalization or an apostille, the applicant may, when submitting an application for admission, submit the specified document without legalization or an apostille, followed by the submission of the specified document with legalization or an apostille no later than the day the application for consent to enrollment is completed .

When applying for training in accordance with Article 17 of the Federal Law of May 24, 1999 No. 99-FZ “On the state policy of the Russian Federation regarding compatriots abroad,” the compatriot submits, in addition to the documents specified in paragraph 58 of the Admission Rules, originals or copies of the documents provided for in the article 17 of Federal Law No. 99-FZ.