Content

Owners of private property must choose whether to insulate the house from the outside or from the inside. The thermal insulation layer will prevent heat leakage from the premises. Almost all professionals agree that insulating a house from the inside is advisable only in some cases. There are situations when thermal insulation installed externally is ineffective. This happens when errors were made in the calculations or the work was not done well enough.

Choosing insulation to insulate a house from the inside

Installing special material for interior walls may also be a preferable option if the facade of the house is already finished with high quality. It will not need to be dismantled, re-investing funds for repairs. What difficulties exist when carrying out finishing work? How are they carried out in accordance with SNiP? What is better and is it possible to insulate walls from the inside? Let's take a closer look at all these questions.

Features of insulating a house from the inside

To understand how to properly and how to insulate the walls of a house from the inside, you will need to take the advice of experienced builders. If you choose the wrong thermal insulation, various problems can arise. The effectiveness of such work is reduced to zero. If the room is not properly decorated, it will be damp. A reasonable question arises: is it possible to insulate a house from the inside? The answer to this is clearly affirmative.

There are technologies that allow you to create internal insulation in an apartment, house and other buildings. We will consider the characteristics of each method in more detail below. Now the main thing to understand is that installing thermal insulation indoors will reduce heat loss by up to 30%. This means that energy bills will also decrease significantly.

What difficulties might a craftsman encounter when installing a layer of thermal insulation in a house from the inside with his own hands?

To understand how important it is to choose the right materials, you need to consider the dangers of improper installation of thermal insulation. Possible negative consequences of internal insulation of a house are the following facts:

1. The dew point (condensation formation) will be shifted inside the room. Condensation will appear on the walls in cold weather. The wall has no external protection. Therefore, it will allow cold air to pass through. It will meet the heated internal air masses of the premises at the junction of the thermal insulation and the wall. Therefore, condensation may appear on the finishing surface. This will contribute to increased humidity in the room, the formation of an unhealthy microclimate, and the appearance of fungus. Finishing materials will begin to deform. Decorative plaster or wallpaper will begin to lag behind the base.
2. An unprotected wall of a building loses its ability to retain heat inside the room. It will come out quickly when heated. This will require more energy to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room. Utility bills will increase significantly.
3. It is impossible to install a layer of thermal insulation in the area of ​​interior partitions. This is an area of ​​significant heat loss.
4. Interior space is shrinking. This is especially noticeable in small rooms of standard apartments.

Disadvantages of insulating indoor walls from the inside

To insulate a country cottage with your own hands indoors, it is important to complete all the work according to the instructions. Otherwise, it will be difficult to stay in such buildings in winter.

Troubles after installing thermal insulation indoors can be associated with such a phenomenon as dew point. It depends on the temperature difference between outside and inside the room, as well as the level of humidity.

This effect can be clearly demonstrated using an ordinary bottle. If you fill it with water and leave it in the refrigerator for several hours, the temperature of the glass and contents will drop. Next, you can remove the bottle from the refrigerator. After a few minutes, you may notice that the outer glass is covered with condensation (“sweat”). The temperature difference on both sides of the glass caused moisture to appear at the dew point. That is why, when considering insulation options, it is necessary to calculate the dew point.

The walls inside the house have the same effect. The temperature drop in winter can be –30 ºС or more. There are heating appliances in the living area. They maintain a given temperature level (on average +20 ºС). This temperature difference leads to the appearance of condensation. The higher the humidity in the room, the more active condensation forms.

When creating a layer of thermal insulation outside a country house, the dew point shifts from the room to the outside. However, installing insulation indoors moves it further from the outer surface of the wall. As a result, condensation falls right inside the room, on a layer of finishing material.

People feel comfortable living in a wooden, concrete, or brick house at a temperature in the rooms of +20... +22 ºС. At an optimal humidity level of 55%. Under such conditions, condensation will appear on all surfaces that have a temperature of +11 ºС or lower. If the insulation material reaches this value, wet drops will appear on it.

When creating a thermal insulation layer outside the room, the dew point moves inside the facade. Therefore, it must be made ventilated so that moisture is removed from the system. The features of this design make it possible not to change the finish for many years.

High humidity leads to the development of various diseases. If fungus appears on the walls, there is a need to urgently dismantle the finishing and treat the wall with a fungicide.

To avoid significant costs in the future, finishing should be done correctly. There are several methods for making internal insulation of the walls of a private house or apartment.

How to avoid negative consequences with internal insulation

Before starting work, the master should study the advice of experienced installers on how to insulate walls from the inside in a private house or apartment.

Thermal insulation of walls from the inside

• It is necessary to secure a layer of special waterproofing (polyethylene is not suitable). It is overlapped. The joints must be reliably sealed.
• The result of all work depends on the choice of thermal insulation. Purchase materials that have minimal vapor permeability. In this case, it will be possible to prevent the appearance of moisture on the surface of the wall.
• Plates of finishing material must be installed tightly on the base. It is not recommended to apply the adhesive coating to the surface of the thermal insulation in islands. In this case, voids will form under it. Moisture will collect in the cavities. The adhesive is applied in a thin, uniform layer over the entire surface of the wall insulation material.
• In the room you need to create high-quality natural or forced ventilation. It is recommended to install special valves on the windows to create complete air exchange. If SIP panels were used during the construction of the building, ventilation must be forced. To do this, special devices powered by electricity are installed in the air ducts.
• The technology of insulating walls from the inside requires an accurate calculation of the thermal insulation layer. In this case, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the material itself, as well as climatic factors, and the characteristics of the operation of the room. You should not average the obtained values.
• The base of the wall will need to be treated with an antiseptic before installation. For this, a special primer is used.

For a house that is insulated from the inside, it is important to eliminate all cold bridges. To do this, the materials are laid so that they cover the surfaces of the internal partitions, ceiling and floor.

Correct selection and installation of thermal insulation material

Today you can buy various types of insulation for walls from the inside. They all have advantages and disadvantages.

When choosing a material for insulation, they take into account the structural features, indoor conditions, etc. The operating characteristics of the room significantly affect the thermal insulation parameters. Thus, the insulation of walls from the inside of a frame house will be somewhat different from the insulation of a brick building. Concrete walls are protected from freezing by thick, dense types of insulation. The panels that cover the frame of a house, created using Canadian technology, may already have a layer of external thermal insulation. Inside, in this case, you will need to install thin insulation on the base.

Mineral wool

Thermal insulation with mineral wool

When considering the best way to insulate the walls of a house from the inside, pay attention to mineral wool. This is one of the best options for creating a layer of insulation for exterior walls. However, for interior decoration it is only suitable in some cases.

Cotton wool is characterized by high vapor permeability. External insulation with such material will be effective. If cotton wool is used inside a room, condensation will appear on the surface of the wall. However, insulation with mineral wool also has many advantages. This is an environmentally friendly material. It does not cause allergies and does not emit harmful fumes into the external environment.

This is a non-flammable insulation. Mineral wool can be used for internal insulation of a house made of SIP panels, which has a layer of external insulation.

The material is sold in the form of slabs and rolls. The first option is preferable. Installation of this wall insulation is carried out using special aluminum profiles or wooden slats. They are mounted at a short distance from the surface. The first layer of mineral wool is tightly glued to the prepared surface of the walls indoors. The second layer is laid between the frame slats. In this case, the slabs must shift relative to the first layer. A vapor barrier and drywall are installed on top.

Expanded polystyrene and EPS

Thermal insulation with polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation of walls from the inside is often done using foam boards or expanded polystyrene. The second option is preferable. Its density and technical characteristics are better. A special feature of this type of insulation is its ability to prevent moisture from passing through. It is recommended to use extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) with a density of at least 25 kg/m³.

Do-it-yourself internal insulation of a house in this case is quite simple. Eps boards are glued onto the prepared surface. Each subsequent row should shift relative to the previous one. Polyurethane glue is used for installation. It is applied to the entire surface of the EPS.

The joints must be carefully insulated using silicone (preferably sanitary) sealant. If there are large gaps, they are filled with foam. Reinforced fiberglass and a layer of decorative plaster are laid on top of the heat-insulating boards. You can glue sheets of drywall instead.

Polyurethane foam

Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam

Today, more advanced, simpler methods of insulating walls from the inside are used. The technique using polyurethane foam is very popular. This is one of the good options. In this case, there is no need to install a frame or glue slabs to the surface of the walls. The material is sprayed over the surface. It forms a durable layer that has low thermal conductivity. The material does not get wet and does not allow water to pass through. It is more environmentally friendly than polystyrene foam, so it is more suitable for wall insulation.

The polyurethane foam coating is firmly bonded to almost any surface. It can be applied not only to walls, but also to ceilings. At the same time, all cold bridges are qualitatively insulated with polyurethane foam. In the place where the dew point may appear, moisture simply will not accumulate. She doesn't come here. The walls will be dry.

After treating the surface, a plaster mesh is mounted on it. Next, layers of putty are applied. Features of polyurethane foam are ease of application and efficiency.

Conclusion on the topic

Installing insulation indoors is not without certain disadvantages. However, knowing how best to install the selected thermal insulation, you can expect excellent results. Even a non-professional will be able to perform all the steps correctly. In this case, condensation will not accumulate on the wall surfaces, and heat loss will be significantly reduced. The finish will be used for a long time and efficiently.

If you have even the slightest opportunity to insulate the walls from the outside, do it. This is the best option, because insulating walls from the inside is a headache. There are only two correct and more or less acceptable options, and one takes up a lot of space, and the second requires significant costs during the winter. There is also a method suitable for insulating balconies and loggias. And that's all for now. All other options with polyurethane foam, liquid-ceramic thermal insulation, penofol and other materials only bring dampness and mold.

Insulating walls from the inside: what is the problem

Anyone who has insulated the outer walls of a house or apartment from the inside - from the premises - is faced with the problem of the appearance of fungi, mold and high humidity. These consequences are natural, and appear regardless of the type of insulation that was used. You can get rid of moisture and fungi only by removing the internal insulation, making major repairs to the walls, treating them with antifungal compounds and plastering them.

Let's look at the reasons. The so-called dew point is to blame. This is the line where warm and cold air meet and where condensation results.

The figure on the left shows the situation with the dew point if the wall is not insulated. It is located somewhere in the thickness of the wall, depending on the temperature and humidity, it shifts first to one side, then to the other, but is always located quite far from the inner surface. In this case, moisture accumulates in the wall and freezes. In the spring, as it thaws, it evaporates, and evaporates into the atmosphere. If dampness is observed in the room, it is for a short time and at the level of sensations.

The photo in the center shows a situation where the wall is insulated from the inside. In this case, condensation falls in the insulation, or, if this is not possible (expanded polystyrene is used, for example), at the boundary of the insulation and the wall. Even if the wall freezes and the condensation turns into ice, in the spring it will begin to melt, the insulation, wall material and finishing will become wet. Since there is a large distance to the outer surface facing the street, moisture dries very poorly in this case, which “comes out” in the form of dampness, mold and all the accompanying delights.

And the third option is to insulate the wall from the outside. In this case, the dew point is in the insulation. How to get it out of there is another story (make a ventilated facade or choose the right vapor permeability of materials), but for our topic it is important to understand that in this case the wall inside the room will definitely be dry and warm.

To summarize, we can say, if possible, insulate from the outside. Insulation of walls from inside premises has to be done only in a few cases:

• if they are not allowed to be insulated from the outside (the building is a historical monument or prohibited by local authorities);
• if the wall goes into the joint between two buildings;
• the wall opens into the elevator shaft.

But before you take on this work, thoroughly inspect the floor, ceiling, and windows. Sometimes most of the heat escapes not through the walls, but through these surfaces, and it is easier to insulate them (in the sense of less hassle with the dew point).

Proper internal insulation of walls in a house or apartment

There are only two ways to insulate indoor walls from the inside and avoid problems with dampness:

• recreating a multi-layer wall (place a half-brick wall with insulation at some distance);
• Heat the wall and then insulate it.

These options work, but, as you can see, they “eat up” a significant amount of space and cost a lot of money. In each specific case, it is necessary to consider what kind of insulation and how much is needed, but the wall pie remains the same.

Second wall

At some distance from the main wall, a second wall 10-12 cm thick is installed. Between the two walls, a layer of insulation, which is required for these conditions, is attached to the inner one. In this case, there should be a ventilation gap of at least 3 cm to the outer wall. In total, this entire structure will be 20-25 cm away from the main wall. It will “eat up” a considerable area.

As you can see, in this case the dew point may be located inside the insulation or on the inner surface of the wall facing the street. To be able to remove the formed moisture, you can make forced ventilation by installing one or two exhaust fans.

Since in this case the insulation will get wet, it is necessary to choose one that is not afraid of moisture. These are polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, foam glass. You can also use some types of stone wool, but only those that are not afraid of moisture (there are some).

Thermal insulation material must be fastened simultaneously with the construction of the walls. They laid it out to a certain height and secured the thermal insulation. It’s inconvenient to work, but there is no other choice.

Electrical heating

The idea of ​​this method is to move the dew point inside the wall when insulating a concrete or brick wall internally. To do this, it must be heated. The easiest way is to attach an electric heated floor mat. At some distance from it, insulation is installed, on top of which there is a finishing layer.

In this case, there are no problems with moisture removal, and much less space is required to install the system: from 8 cm (with a ventilation gap of 3 cm and an insulation thickness of 5 cm).

With this method, the thermal insulation material can be of any kind. To install it, first they make a sheathing, then a counter-lattice, and then a suitable insulation is attached to it.

Option for insulating a balcony from the inside

In the case of a loggia and a balcony, the situation is often completely different. If the authorities do not allow the installation of a wall, they demand that the existing reinforced concrete screen be left; it is cut off from the warm air by careful thermal insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS).

In this case, it is better to make the insulation excessive than at least slightly insufficient. The total thickness is divided into two layers. They are laid without a gap (preferably with locks), and so that the seams of the first layer overlap the sheet of the second. There should be no through access of warm air to the screen.

It is necessary to approach the issue of insulating the floor and ceiling of the loggia/balcony very carefully and ensure tightness at the junction of them with the walls. Also pay attention to how the glazing will be installed: there may also be problem areas: the joint with the screen, walls, insulation of the part above the frames. All of them must be well finished, excluding the possibility of contact of warm/cold air. In this case there will be no problems. Even .

The construction market does not stand still. Today in specialized stores you can find a wide range of materials intended for internal wall insulation. How to choose from the whole variety of heat insulators what is best suited for a residential premises, warehouse, office building or premises for other purposes?

The choice of the optimal option, first of all, should be focused on achieving the primary goal - increasing the air temperature in the room during the cold season. But, besides this, it is important to take into account the environmental friendliness of the material and its ability to create an optimal microclimate. After all, if you treat internal insulation without proper preparation, then all the work will only lead to aggravation of the situation: the appearance of excessive dampness, the formation of fungi and a layer of mold on the walls and ceiling.

Each of the proposed insulation options has its own installation features, disadvantages and advantages in application. It is worth dwelling on the issue of choosing a heat insulator in more detail.

Each of the proposed insulation options has its own installation features

Parameters that the material used to insulate the apartment from the inside must meet:

• Thermal conductivity. If the thermal conductivity of the material is high, the insulation layer must be larger, which leads to a decrease in room area and an increase in cost. The ability to retain heat is one of the key parameters that you need to focus on when deciding what is the best way to insulate an apartment.
• Strength, resistance to mechanical damage. The use of brittle material reduces the service life of the insulation, and also increases the cost and time required to complete the work.
• Environmental friendliness. When insulating a residential apartment, it is advisable to choose a harmless material. After all, wall insulation for an apartment or residential building must be safe and not emit harmful substances.
• Vapor permeability. Taking this indicator into account, you can avoid many problems associated with increased humidity in the apartment.
• Biostability. This indicator assesses the ability of a material to resist the spread and attack of biological organisms such as fungi. In addition to external manifestations, microorganisms contribute to the destruction of the material and the loss of its original properties.
• Economical. Naturally, you don’t want to spend extra money on insulating the walls in your apartment, but you shouldn’t save too much in this matter either.

Different materials have their own operational characteristics and differ in certain parameters. Therefore, before you go to the store, you should familiarize yourself with these characteristics. After all, the answer to the question of which insulation to choose for the walls depends not only on the warmth and comfort in the apartment, but also on its suitability for comfortable living.

Styrofoam

Today, this thermal insulation material is most popular due to several of its advantages:

• proven effectiveness. Polystyrene foam has low thermal conductivity, which allows it to retain heat well, and low vapor and water permeability, which does not allow liquid to accumulate inside the insulation;
• low cost compared to other materials;
• ease of installation. Polystyrene foam does not require the installation of additional frames; it is attached by gluing to a pre-plastered surface;
• versatility. This material is suitable for both interior and exterior work; it creates a reliable thermal insulation barrier for ceilings, walls, roofs, floors, and ceilings between floors.

Penoplex plates

This material has several names: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, and is considered a higher quality “relative” of its fellow polystyrene foam.

What distinguishes penoplex from polystyrene foam:

• the fine-cell structure allows for better heat retention and protection from cold penetration;
• increased strength. Under heavy loads, the slabs do not deform, but are easily cut with a knife. Due to its strength, this material is good for use both for insulation from the inside in a private home and for exterior work;
• long service life. The guaranteed period of time during which penoplex will retain its properties is 50 years;
• penoplex is resistant to mold formation, rodents do not like it. In addition, this material does not emit toxic substances when burned, like foam plastic, which gives it an additional advantage for insulating walls indoors;
• To decide how to insulate the wall of your apartment from the inside, it’s worth paying attention to the cost of penoplex. It is higher than the price of polystyrene foam, but quite justified.

Minvata

This type of insulation belongs to the category of mineral materials and has been used in construction for quite a long time. Compared to its newer counterparts, it has a number of disadvantages, but due to its efficiency and low cost, it still remains a fairly popular material.

Features of mineral wool:

• Susceptibility to mechanical damage is a significant drawback. When performing interior work, it is important to take into account that glass wool fibers easily fly apart. The master should take this into account and equip himself properly. If you decide to work with the material yourself, do not neglect protective equipment: goggles, a respirator, gloves, as well as clothing that protects the body well. In addition, the owners need to completely empty the insulated room of furniture or objects that could retain glass wool fibers.
• The cost of this material is quite low, which explains the feasibility of its use.
• Compared to polystyrene foam, the thermal conductivity of mineral wool is higher, so it retains heat less well.
• Mounting feature. To install glass wool, it is not necessary to plaster the surface of the insulated wall, but you need to install a frame to fix the material. You also need to provide a layer of vapor barrier. Usually this is a thick film that completely covers the insulation layer. It is tightly attached to the floor, frame and ceiling.
• When insulating with glass wool, more usable area of ​​the room is consumed. That is why mineral wool is the answer to the question: how to insulate the walls inside an apartment.

Thanks to continuous developments, today it is possible to insulate a wall even with plaster. The technology of plastering for the purpose of insulating internal walls is thought out to the smallest detail. Nuances that are important to consider when choosing this insulation method:

• It is necessary to apply 3 layers. The first of which is spray. The liquid solution is applied to the wall in a layer of 5-10mm. This is done to ensure that the material fills all the cracks. The second layer is 50-60 mm and is applied in three stages. This is the longest process, since each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has dried. The finishing layer is most often laid at a thickness of 3-5 mm. Its purpose is to completely level the wall and create a flat surface. The solution for this layer is sand diluted in water, which is rubbed into the base layer.
• The advantage of this type of insulation is durability and resistance to mechanical damage.
• The disadvantage is the higher cost compared to foam plastic and the greater complexity and duration of the work.
• Plastering retains heat weaker compared to foam-type materials.

Polyurethane foam

This type of insulation is a dense foam that is applied directly to the wall by spraying. To work with this material, you do not need to carry out additional preparation of the wall; it is enough to mount the frame and fill it with material. Polyurethane foam is one of the latest developments in the construction industry, which boasts many advantages:

• ease of use. Polyurethane foam is quite easy to work with, even for novice craftsmen. The time required to complete the work is less than when plastering.
• does not require waterproofing, as it does not allow water to pass through and does not get wet like mineral wool.
• low thermal conductivity, as a result, the material retains heat well inside the apartment.
• has good adhesion to any surface, so that it forms one whole with the wall. Can even be applied to the ceiling.
• allows you to insulate walls of any configuration, since the application method does not provide for the formation of seams and cracks.

Cork wallpaper is also a novelty in the field of insulation. Let's consider some aspects:

• environmental friendliness. If you are deciding what is the best way to insulate a room from an environmentally friendly point of view, then this material will completely satisfy you;
• saving usable space. The use of wallpaper will not take away many centimeters from the total area of ​​the room or balcony, since they are relatively thin;
• low ability to retain heat. A plus for saving space is a minus when it comes to thermal insulation characteristics. Due to the fact that the layer is quite thin, it is not enough to fully insulate the building;
• attractive decorative finish;
• ease of use will allow you to insulate the apartment yourself, which in turn will save considerable money.

How to insulate the walls in each specific case depends on the location of the building being insulated, the initial budget, the area of ​​the apartment, minimum temperatures in the cold season and other characteristics. Having familiarized yourself with the characteristics of insulating materials, you can make your home or apartment warm and cozy without the involvement of qualified workers.

Each owner has his own individual requirements for what his house or apartment should be like. The exception to the rule is heat. Especially in the cold season, when the outside air temperature drops to below zero.

With the fact that housing should not only be beautiful, but also able to maintain a comfortable temperature even with a big minus, everyone without exception agrees.

The reason for this unanimity lies not only in the desire to avoid the need to be at home in warm clothes that hinder movement.

The main troubles that follow freezing of walls are condensation, mold and fungi, which affect the health of residents.

In addition, the walls themselves suffer. If mold and mildew can be eliminated, then restored quality of the damaged wall It doesn't always work out.

The way out of the situation is internal wall insulation, protects against cold during frosts, and from condensation during thaw periods.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation

As a rule, the culprits reducing the comfortable temperature level indoors are heating systems, poorly insulated windows, or the roof of the house. If the heating, windows and roofing are normal, then the problem is really in the freezing walls, which require additional thermal insulation.

The indisputable advantages of internal wall protection against freezing include:

• the ability to insulate any room;
• performing work at any time of the year;
• the ability to carry out all the work yourself (significant savings);
• increasing the sound insulation of the home.

The disadvantages include:

• mandatory requirements for providing vapor barrier;
• the need to use insulation with excess thickness;
• consequences in the form of internal drafts;
• the need to create additional ventilation due to increased humidity;

Is it possible to insulate the walls inside an apartment?

Despite the fact that the option of internal insulation seems, at first glance, to be the most effective and profitable, experts recommend resorting to it only in the most extreme cases, if there is no other way out.

If the operating organization has been promising to carry out external insulation for years, but the residents do not have their own funds, then everything that is not recommended can be carried out, since is not strictly prohibited.

A significant disadvantage of mineral wool is ability to absorb moisture. The resulting dampness is an excellent breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria. In addition, excess water reduces thermal engineering priorities.

For a panel house, for example, the choice in favor of mineral wool will not be the most successful. However, if you need to insulate the walls of a wooden building, you won’t find better mineral wool.

This natural organic material is capable of spontaneously release the generated steam beyond the outline of the structure, protecting the wood used for the construction.

Expanded polystyrene

Some of the most important characteristics of insulating materials are moisture resistance and low specific gravity.

If mineral wool cannot boast of the ability to withstand moisture, then expanded polystyrene, both foamed and extruded (EPS), is quite satisfies the requirement.

The advantages of the material also include the low specific weight of the sheets and the absence of the need to install a metal frame.

All it takes is insulation of sheet joints polystyrene foam and walls through the use of polyurethane wool.

Attach the polystyrene sheets themselves to the wall using glue or dowels.

Styrofoam

Obtained by foaming a suspension polymer.

It is distinguished by a specific structural structure, which determines high strength and service life, exceeding the similar characteristics of popular mineral wool.

Polystyrene foam, despite its high popularity, has both significant advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

• high resistance to moisture;
• excellent thermal insulation properties;
• resistant to mold and fungus;
• easy to process and install;
• easy;
• no additional waterproofing required;
• has high resistance to temperature changes, heat, frost;
• provides good sound insulation;
• cheap.

Minuses:

• needs protection from mechanical damage due to limited mechanical strength;
• does not allow air to pass through;
• fire hazard;
• interaction with nitro paints and nitro varnishes should not be allowed;

Polyurethane foam

This material is considered a leader among modern insulation materials due to its reliability. Among the disadvantages of polyurethane foam are: the need to install frames.

Taking Additional Security Measures in connection with the application of a liquid two-component substance by spraying, as well as plastering with the additional use of nylon mesh.

Among the advantages of polyurethane foam: high moisture resistance, minimal hardening time, no need to use fasteners.

Glass wool

The characteristics are similar to mineral wool. The advantages include lower cost than mineral wool. The main disadvantage is shrinkage over time. In addition, glass wool is characterized by high fiber fragility. This complicates installation and requires careful adherence to safety regulations.

Environmentally friendly materials

We are talking about such unusual materials as straw, reeds, gypsum panels. Despite difficulties with purchasing and searching for a contractor, this option of insulation is becoming increasingly popular.

But if there is no particular desire to search for material and artist, then you can use at least environmentally friendly materials– cork insulation or fiberboard, which is made from wood chips.

In this article you can learn how to soundproof walls in an apartment.

Criterias of choice

In order to select the most successful option of insulation intended for internal insulation of walls, it is necessary first of all pay attention to the following characteristics:

1. Resistance to high temperatures and exposure to open fire (fire safety).
2. Low thermal conductivity, preventing the outflow of heat from the room.
3. Safety (absence of toxic substances and toxic impurities).
4. Durability and the ability to retain its original shape for a long time.
5. Resistant to moisture and aggressive substances.

The material from which the walls are made and its characteristics also play an important role.

If the walls are planned to be plastered, then it is best to insulate them with extruded polystyrene foam. Peculiarity - EPPS flammability group should not exceed G1.

The choice in favor of expanded polystyrene is also justified minimal capture of usable space.

If the walls are sheathed with plasterboard, then they can be insulated with mineral wool and other soft insulation materials, with the obligatory installation of a vapor barrier layer.

It is not recommended to insulate walls in panel houses with polystyrene foam, due to its high flammability and ability to accumulate moisture.

The main task of internal insulation of a house made of foam blocks is to ensure vapor barrier of the thermal insulation material on both sides. Also casing must be done(second wall). For this purpose, plasterboard or lining is used.

Accordingly, soft cotton insulation or polystyrene foam will not work. It is best to use polyurethane foam, penoplex and polystyrene foam.

Wooden house made of environmentally friendly material, and the choice of insulation is guided precisely by this characteristic. The best option for insulating wooden walls of a private house is laying ecowool. It is also possible to use polystyrene foam and penoplex, which cannot be said about polystyrene foam.

Expanded polystyrene during operation begins to release carcinogenic substances harmful to humans and animals.

Mineral wool is well suited for insulating an apartment. if the footage allows. You can also use polystyrene foam, provided you first apply a layer of liquid waterproofing to the prepared wall surface.

However, polystyrene foam, like penoplex or foil penofol, is a waterproof material, increasing the risk of mold and mildew formation.

Cork material, warm plaster or fiberboard are excellent for insulating apartment walls. This is only a small part of the insulation materials available on the market, so the choice must be made based on the characteristics of the apartment’s external wall, as well as room finishing options.

How to insulate walls with your own hands?

The algorithm for insulating walls in an apartment from the inside depends on the type of house and the selected insulation. However the main stages of work remain unchanged in any case:

Insulating walls from the inside with polystyrene foam: video instructions.

Plaster on insulation

Protective leveling layer on the surface of polystyrene insulation created using reinforcing mesh and a special mass designed for this type of material.

The mesh, which prevents the decorative coating from deforming in the future, is glued with a thin layer of plaster. Then a thin leveling layer is applied universal mass. The treated surface is left to dry for at least a day.

After drying, the surface can be rubbed. After mashing, the treated surface is primed. The last stage of work is decorative design.

Hello readers of my blog!

Today we will talk about how to insulate walls with your own hands. It would seem that the matter is not tricky, but when you are faced with this problem, you have to think about how to do it correctly, what preparation to do, what materials to choose. Thus, I decided that this article would be useful to someone, and I am devoting my efforts to this subject.

In it, I will answer a number of questions that will arise immediately before How to insulate walls with your own hands, and some even after that. This topic is quite broad, because before work, thorough preparation is necessary, but how to do this? And this is a separate topic. You can learn about all this in great detail in the article below.

Insulating an apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are insufficiently thick, quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops.

How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question faces the majority of homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. The outer walls in such houses become cold especially quickly, and often due to temperature changes they begin to become damp and covered with mold.

How to insulate a wall inside an apartment

Sometimes, when possible, the walls are thermally insulated from the outside, as this is a more effective way to retain heat. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to carry out such activities independently, without the use of special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor.

Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the total usable area.

But, be that as it may, a warm apartment of a slightly smaller area is better than large, cold rooms. Internal work can easily be done with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If the apartment has autonomous heating equipment, then insulating the walls will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Disadvantages of internal insulation

Compared to external thermal insulation of walls, internal insulation of an apartment has its rather significant disadvantages:

With internal insulation, the “dew point” may be inside the insulation, which leads to its dampening

Proper insulation

To prevent condensation from forming under the thermal insulation layer due to temperature changes in winter, and also, as a consequence, to prevent mold spots from appearing on the walls, you must carefully follow all technological recommendations for insulating concrete walls from inside the apartment.

Vapor barrier for internal insulation is of particular importance

An important element in the structure of the thermal insulation “pie” is high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What kind of work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

It is necessary to purchase a high-quality vapor barrier film and waterproof tape to seal the seams at the joints of the sheets. For the insulating layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability.

It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment. When gluing the insulation, its surface is completely coated with glue using a spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that there are not even small cavities left between them.

To avoid the occurrence of excessively high relative humidity indoors, they must be equipped with additional natural or forced ventilation. For example, for this, valves are installed on window frames through which air will flow into the room.

The thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than the parameters that were obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-heat balance will be disrupted. Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers.

They will “cure” the wall, prevent mold colonies from forming on it, and also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation. Installation of insulation can begin only after the wall has completely dried. The formation of “cold bridges,” which can negate the entire insulation process, should not be allowed to form. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What insulation materials and how are they used?

For the process of insulating a wall from the inside, several types of insulation are used. Which one to choose is up to the homeowner to decide after he becomes more familiar with their characteristics and installation methods.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is a traditional material for insulating interior work, but for concrete external walls you need to choose a type of thermal insulator that has a very high density - this creates vapor permeability, and in this case it is necessary.

The property of mineral wool to allow air to pass through, i.e. “breathing” in this situation is rather harmful, since condensation will form on the wall when the temperature changes. To avoid this, it is necessary to choose mineral wool with a high density, comparable to expanded polystyrene.

Mineral wool should be used for internal wall insulation with extreme caution.

In addition, high-quality installation of vapor barrier is necessary.

If all these conditions are not met, the work will be done in vain, since after the appearance of fungus and the smell of dampness in the premises, the structure will have to be dismantled.

Therefore, to insulate external walls that are not insulated from the street, it is better to abandon the use of mineral wool, or use only dense types of it with the creation of the necessary air gap for ventilation. More details about this in the proposed video:

Video: insulating a wall inside using mineral wool

Expanded polystyrene

Polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam are more suitable for insulating external walls from inside the apartment. These materials have all the necessary properties, the main one of which is low thermal conductivity.

In addition to this quality, polystyrene foam has other important characteristics that predetermine the possibility of its use specifically for internal thermal insulation work:

Extruded polystyrene foam is an excellent insulation material, but it “eats up” a lot of usable space

Since ordinary or extruded polystyrene foam practically does not absorb moisture, it will not allow it to reach the “dew point”, so when using this material, you do not need to use a vapor barrier.

At the junctions of walls and floor slabs, cold bridges can be insulated using polyurethane foam. You can also attach the slabs to the wall surface with foam - it expands and fills all the gaps between the insulation slabs and the wall, making the surface airtight.

Special locking grooves and spikes found on extruded polystyrene foam boards will help make the surface seamless.

The locking tongue-and-groove part greatly simplifies the installation of insulation

Having installed a number of slabs, they are attached to the wall using special “fungi” fasteners. To do this, the mounted panels are drilled through, making a hole in the wall, and then the fasteners are hammered into it.

Fastening polystyrene foam boards to the wall

It should be noted that foam does not sufficiently muffle noise and this is one of its disadvantages. In addition, any type of polystyrene foam is flammable, to one degree or another, and when ignited, it releases substances hazardous to human health.

Expanded polystyrene boards can be plastered on top or sealed with plasterboard

After installing the slabs and “sealing” all the cracks and seams, the thermal insulation layer can be plastered or covered with sheets of plasterboard.

Polyurethane foam Polyurethane foam is one of the forms of foaming polymers, which is sprayed using special equipment onto the prepared wall. At the everyday level, almost everyone has encountered it if they used polyurethane foam.

A lathing made of wooden beams is pre-attached to the insulated wall, which will serve as support guides for the sprayed material, as well as the basis for attaching decorative finishing or sheathing with plasterboard sheets.

Polyurethane foam spraying process

Polyurethane foam is good because it penetrates into all cracks and irregularities, creating a seamless, sealed surface that fits tightly, without any “pockets” or voids, to the load-bearing wall, leaving no cavities for condensation to accumulate.

This material is moisture resistant and has a very low thermal conductivity. When deciding to use polyurethane foam, you can safely abandon hydro- and vapor barrier.

Installation of polyurethane foam is carried out quite quickly, but without special equipment it will not be possible to do it yourself, so you will have to invite specialists.

Insulation with polyurethane foam is very effective, but it can only be carried out by specialists

In addition to the above positive qualities of this material, the following can be mentioned:

Video: insulating walls from the inside by spraying polyurethane foam

Cork Another insulation material that can be installed independently is cork.

Cork is an excellent natural material for thermal insulation.

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of slabs or rolls from the bark of a special type of oak - balsa wood. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly, safe insulation material, which is very important for interior decoration.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative design of walls.

An important condition for installing cork covering is the evenness of the wall, so before you start gluing it, you need to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

Leveling walls with plaster

Special glue for working with cork

The positive qualities of the material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, include:

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. It will give the room a special decorative touch.

Penofol, at its core, is a roll of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which a foil coating is applied, which helps to reflect heat indoors.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene with foil coating

Before its installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for a cork covering. Foam foam can be secured to smooth walls using double-sided construction tape.

Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side facing the room. This creates a kind of thermos for effective heat retention. Foam foam strips are laid end to end.

They are glued together with special tape, which also has a foil reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

The sheathing is installed on top of penofol, laid with the foil side inside the room

Cladding an insulated wall with clapboard

Despite its small thickness, foam foil is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with its simplicity and speed of installation on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as its long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

When choosing a material for insulating a living space from the inside, you must first examine all wall surfaces on which thermal insulation will be installed.

If the wall is dry and there are no mold stains on it, then you can begin preparing the surface and purchasing insulating material. Carrying out such work on an unprepared basis is strictly prohibited.

Not only will such insulation not give the desired effect, it can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, making it damp and unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or mildew are extremely dangerous to people’s health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions.

In general, any of the methods presented in the publication for insulating an apartment from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this technological process can be carried out independently.

How to insulate a house

If you want to insulate your house, then any specialist will tell you that it is better to do it outside. However, in some cases it becomes necessary to insulate the walls from the inside, for example, if the facade is already finished or external insulation is not enough.

Therefore, below I will tell you how to insulate a house from the inside so that this measure is effective and does not lead to mold and destruction of the walls.

Insulating a house from the inside Features of insulating a house from the inside Many people who have not previously encountered insulation are wondering whether it is even possible to place insulation on interior walls?

Of course, this is quite acceptable, and if the procedure is carried out correctly, the house will become much more comfortable and economical in terms of heating. It is not difficult to calculate the savings from such an event, since more than 30% of the heat will be retained in the room, which without insulation will simply escape out.

However, it should be taken into account that this technology has many disadvantages: after installing the insulation, the walls of the building will stop heating, resulting in the possibility of cracks; condensation occurs under the insulation; the usable area of ​​the premises is reduced; there is no way to insulate the ceiling, resulting in a cold bridge remaining.

Therefore, you should resort to this method only in cases where it is really impossible to implement other insulation options. If, despite these disadvantages, you still decide to insulate from the inside, you must strictly adhere to the technology, which we will review below, especially when it comes to wall insulation.

If you insulate an extension, for example, a veranda, you can increase the living space of the house.

The only thing is that before insulating the extension, you need to eliminate the gaps in the windows and doors. Mineral wool is an environmentally friendly and fireproof heat insulator

Insulation technology Materials

So, if you take on this work yourself, then the first question that will arise in front of you is what is the best way to insulate the walls inside. The most common materials are the following: mineral mats - are an environmentally friendly, fireproof material that is vapor permeable. The cost of mineral wool is 1500-5000 rubles per cubic meter, depending on the brand and manufacturer; expanded polystyrene - is lightweight and costs a little less - its price ranges from 1000-3000 per cubic meter.

True, expanded polystyrene is more fire hazardous and does not “breathe”, unlike mineral wool, however, with good ventilation, this drawback does not matter. In a wooden house, it is better, of course, to use mineral wool.

If the house is brick, you can also insulate it with polystyrene foam. Vapor barrier film In addition to insulation, you will also need other materials: wooden slats with a cross-section of about 20x20 mm; wooden beams or a profile for installing drywall; adjustable brackets; vapor barrier film. Insulating a house makes sense not only if if you live there in winter. If you insulate a garden house from the inside, then in the summer it will become cooler and more comfortable for relaxation. This is especially true for the thermal insulation of the roof, which gets hot under the sun during the day.

Floor insulation It is necessary to carry out insulation from the inside of the house in a comprehensive manner, i.e.

That is, in addition to the walls, the floor and ceiling should also be thermally insulated. Therefore, first of all, I will tell you how to carry out this procedure with the floor. Floor insulation scheme If the floor is wooden, the instructions for its insulation are simple: first of all, you need to dismantle the floor and place bars near the joists with a cross section of approximately 15x15 mm; then the base is laid on the bars.

To do this, you can use thin boards, and they do not have to be fixed to the bars; then the resulting boards should be covered with a waterproofing film, which should be laid directly on top of the logs.

At the joints of the canvases, it is necessary to ensure an overlap of about 10 cm; Laying insulation between the joists. After this, insulation is laid on the film, which should fit tightly to the joists, leaving no gaps.

It must be said that not only foam plastic or glass wool can be used as insulation, but also bulk materials, for example, expanded clay, ecowool or even sawdust; a waterproofing film is laid on top of the insulation.

It also needs to be laid with an overlap, and it is advisable to glue the joints with tape; after this, you can lay the boards on top of the logs or other rough material. To insulate a wooden floor, you can also use natural material - reeds.

To carry out insulation with reeds with your own hands, you need to stock up on them with the onset of the first frosts. Before use, the stems should be dried thoroughly. If the floor is concrete, you can make a dry screed with your own hands.

To do this, you need to perform the following steps: first of all, a waterproofing film is laid; then beacons are installed to level the surface of the dry screed.

Special aluminum profiles are used as beacons, which are laid on lumps of cement. To install beacons, you must use a level so that they are located in the same horizontal plane;

Leveling expanded clay along the beacons, a damper tape is laid around the perimeter of the room, which prevents floor creaks and other unpleasant moments; after that, expanded clay is poured into the space between the beacons and leveled with a rule or simply a board along the beacons; sheets of plywood, chipboard or plasterboard are laid on top of the expanded clay, on which it is subsequently placed finishing floor covering. In the photo - laying plasterboard sheets on top of expanded clay

Another technology for floor insulation is to pour screed directly onto mineral mats. This is done as follows: the base is waterproofed with a film; then mineral mats are laid; then waterproofing is laid over the mats; beacons are mounted on top of the waterproofing and screed is poured.

In this case, it is advisable to use fiber for reinforcement rather than metal mesh, so as not to damage the waterproofing film.

On our portal you can find more detailed information on how to install beacons and pour screed. Diagram of internal wall insulationWall insulation When performing insulation inside the house, special attention must be paid to the thermal insulation of the walls, since the effectiveness of this measure largely depends on them.

The process of insulating walls is as follows: first of all, slats with a cross section of 20x20 mm must be fixed to the wall. Most often, the slats are placed horizontally in increments of a meter and a half. To fasten the slats, you can use dowel nails; then a film is stretched over the slats.

I note that it must be tensioned so that a ventilation gap is formed between the wall and the insulation. The latter is necessary to remove condensation, which will certainly form in the winter. To fix the film, you can use a construction stapler; then vertical posts should be attached to the horizontal slats, between which the insulation will be located. The most difficult thing at this stage is to install the racks correctly so that they are positioned strictly vertically and in the same plane.

This determines how even the walls will be. The pitch of the racks is the width of the insulation. Moreover, the latter should fit tightly so that there is no need to further fix it;

Laying insulation between the racks After installing the frame, you need to fill the space between the racks from the floor to the ceiling with insulation; after filling the frame with insulation, you should attach another layer of vapor barrier film to it; Vapor barrier of insulation To complete the work, finishing material is attached to the frame. If you are insulating a country wooden house, you can cover the walls with clapboard.

If you want to wallpaper or use other finishing materials, you should use drywall.

If the house is built from KBB, aerated concrete or other material that does not hold ordinary dowel-nails, you should use special “butterfly” dowels or chemical fasteners. That, in fact, is all the nuances of thermal insulation of walls. However, the insulation of the house is not yet completed.

Insulating the attic from the insideInsulating the attic Finally, I will tell you how to properly insulate the attic. This procedure is reminiscent of floor insulation, however, there are some nuances. It must be said that ceiling insulation can be done both from the inside with your own hands, and from the attic.

From the inside, the work is carried out as follows: work must begin by attaching a vapor barrier film to the floor beams and attic flooring; then insulation is laid in the space between the beams and fixed with slats; another layer of vapor barrier is attached to the bottom of the beams using a construction stapler; to complete the work, the ceiling is hemmed with plasterboard or other material. The attic is insulated using the same principle.

It must be said that it is very difficult to insulate the ceiling from the inside with your own hands. Therefore, it is better to call an assistant to perform this operation. Insulating the attic from the outside

Insulating the attic from the outside is carried out according to the same scheme as insulating the floor. In particular, you can use bulk heat-insulating materials, which are mentioned above. The heat insulator can also be placed between the floor beams if the house is two-story.

This will provide sound insulation. These are, in fact, all the main nuances regarding insulation of the house from the inside.

Finally, I note that to achieve the maximum effect from insulation, you need to pay attention to windows and doors. If they are poorly sealed, a large amount of heat will escape through the cracks, which can be seen if you look at the house through a thermal imager.

Insulating a house from the inside, although it contains a number of disadvantages, nevertheless makes it possible to make housing much more comfortable and economical.

Moreover, if you do the work yourself, which, as we found out, is not at all difficult, then this will not entail large financial costs. The only thing, as mentioned above, is to adhere to the technology and perform thermal insulation carefully, without leaving cold bridges.

See the video in this article for more information. If some points are not fully clear to you or difficulties arise during the process of insulating your home, leave questions in the comments and I will be happy to answer you. September 7, 2016 If you want to express gratitude, add clarification or objection, ask something author - add a comment or say thank you!

Insulation from the inside

Both builders and manufacturers of insulation materials argue about whether it is possible to insulate houses from the inside, but everyone agrees that in most cases, insulating walls from the inside will not be the best solution - if possible, it is better to do external thermal insulation of the house.

However, if there is no choice, you should carefully study the features and rules for choosing and installing insulation so that the internal thermal insulation is effective, safe and durable. How to insulate the walls of a house from the inside and how to do it?

Features of indoor wall insulation

Indoor walls can be insulated only in cases where the facade of the building cannot be changed or there is no access to the outer surface of the wall. It is recommended to avoid insulating walls from inside the house because it has a number of significant disadvantages:

The dew point moves indoors.

The wall begins to freeze through its entire thickness, the cold meets warm air at the junction of the wall and the insulation, and condensation forms on its surface. This has many negative consequences: fungus can develop on a wet wall, the effectiveness of the thermal insulation material decreases, it lags behind the wall and collapses; In addition, the decorative finish deteriorates.

A frozen wall loses its heat-accumulating properties. It becomes difficult to control the temperature of the air in the room - it begins to warm up faster due to the operation of heating devices or direct sunlight entering the window and cools down faster when ventilated.

The most dangerous consequence of internal thermal insulation is condensation inside the room, which leads to accelerated destruction of walls and damage to finishing materials.

This can be partially avoided by accurately calculating the required thickness of the insulation layer and choosing the right material. Thus, insulating a house from the inside is expensive and unsafe, but sometimes unavoidable.

How to avoid condensation

If you still had to deal with internal thermal insulation, then before you figure out how to insulate the house from the inside, you need to understand whether negative consequences can be avoided. Dry walls inside the house can be ensured by protecting the area where the dew point forms from moisture.

To do this you need:

Use a high-quality multi-layer membrane for waterproofing. Plastic film will not work.

In addition, it must be laid correctly - overlapping, with sealing of the joints. Choose insulation with a minimum vapor permeability. If the material from which the walls of the house are made is higher, then the moisture formed between the insulation and the surface of the wall will not condense, but will come out.

Install the insulation close to the wall. To do this, glue must be applied to it in an even, continuous layer, and not in beacons.

Provide forced ventilation of the room, as well as install windows with air exchange valves. Accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation layer.

You cannot rely on average parameters, since it is possible to properly insulate walls only by taking into account all the characteristics of a particular material, room and climatic characteristics of the region. Treat the insulated wall with antifungal and antibacterial agents.

You can use a special antiseptic primer. You can start working only after the wall surface is completely saturated and dry.

When insulating an apartment from the inside, it is very important to get rid of all possible cold bridges. They form at the joints of insulation boards and in those places where the wall connects to ceilings and internal partitions.

To improve the efficiency of insulation, it is necessary to lay thermal insulation material extending onto the internal walls, floor and ceiling.

Selection of thermal insulation material and insulation installation technology

Mineral wool

It is not recommended to choose this material, since it will not be effective enough to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside. However, cotton wool is the easiest to use and cheaper than other options, so they often resort to using it.

Vata exists in two versions:

If there is no other choice, it is better to use wool in the form of slabs - this insulation is denser, has better thermal resistance, and does not settle over time.

The rolled variety of cotton wool has too high a vapor permeability rate and absorbs moisture well, so the walls insulated with it will probably get wet.

However, there is a possibility of moisture penetrating under the insulation when using slabs with a density of 75 kg/m3 or more. You can reduce the risk of condensation by using a good vapor barrier material and correctly installing thermal insulation.

Insulation from the inside with mineral wool is carried out as follows:

Scheme of wall insulation with mineral wool

Due to the characteristics of mineral wool, special attention must be paid to vapor barriers when internal insulation of the walls of a house is carried out. You cannot use polyethylene film; you need a more effective vapor-tight multilayer membrane.

It can be attached to a wooden frame with a stapler, always with an overlap; It is glued to the profile with double-sided tape.

The overlap when laying the membrane should be at least 100 mm, the joints should fall on the frame elements and be securely glued.

The vapor barrier should extend to surfaces adjacent to the wall. The places where the membrane comes into contact with surfaces should be additionally sealed. Liquid sealant is applied to a wall, pipe or other structure, then a membrane is pressed to the junction; After the sealant has dried, the membrane is fixed with tape.

High-quality installation will reduce, but will not completely eliminate, the risk of condensation when using mineral wool. It is better to consider other, polymer, types of insulation for walls from the inside.

Expanded polystyrene and EPS

Expanded polystyrene, or foam plastic, is much better suited for insulating walls in an apartment from the inside. This is facilitated by the following characteristics:

Regular or extruded polystyrene foam of sufficient density, even with a relatively small thickness, will provide fairly effective thermal insulation of the room.

It is recommended to choose it not only because of its ease of installation, but also because it can be used to insulate an apartment from the inside most effectively: it does not allow moisture to pass through, so condensation will not appear. The main thing is to properly glue the foam boards, sealing the joints and ensuring a tight fit to the wall.

When using expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation of residential premises, it is important to take into account some of its disadvantages.

So, it practically does not protect against noise. In addition, when burned, it releases toxic compounds into the air.

Another disadvantage is the high cost of EPS, but it is compensated by the fact that there is no need to lay a vapor barrier membrane, and you definitely won’t have to redo the thermal insulation due to the destruction of the insulation, as is the case with improper installation of stone wool.

Polystyrene insulation for walls inside an apartment should have a high density - 25–30 kg/m3. The density can be determined by the marking, which looks like “PSB-S-25”, where 25 means the desired parameter.

Installation of polystyrene foam boards on an internal wall is carried out as follows:

The surface of the wall is cleaned, primed and dried. Insulation boards are glued in rows with offset joints.

It is advisable to use polyurethane glue, which is applied to the entire surface of the polystyrene foam board. Additionally, the boards are fixed with special plastic dowels.

The joints are sealed with silicone sealant, large gaps are filled with polyurethane foam. Reinforcing fiberglass is overlapped over the insulation. On top of it you can lay plaster for decorative finishing.

Another option is to immediately glue drywall instead of reinforcement.

There is another installation method.

At the long ends of the PPS slabs, grooves in the form of corners are selected. The two slabs are joined and the seam is sealed. Then a wooden board is placed into the groove.

The resulting structure is fixed to the wall using self-tapping screws.

This method is more convenient, since insulating the room in this case can be done faster and more economically. In addition, the boards can be used as a frame for attaching drywall.

Should we consider other options?

There are also more modern insulation materials for walls from the inside - polyurethane foam, heat-insulating plaster, polyethylene foam and even ceramic-based thermal paint.

Among them, only the first material is worthy of attention; other options are actually of little use for insulating an apartment from the inside. Polyurethane foam is ordinary foam, similar to mounting foam, which is applied to the surface to be insulated using a special sprayer.

The good thing about the material is that it reliably adheres to any surface, penetrates into all cracks, is monolithic and vapor-tight. It hardens quickly and does not form any cold bridges.

However, polyurethane foam is quite expensive, and you won’t be able to work with it yourself.

Thus, if you need to insulate walls from the inside, it is best to use expanded polystyrene.

This heat insulator has the most suitable characteristics, and installing it yourself is not difficult. If the insulation technology is followed, it will effectively protect the house from the cold.

How to insulate a house from the inside

The process of insulating walls from the inside has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own way, both of them are true, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable and study the nuances of performing insulation work.

Principle of internal insulation

Insulating walls indoors means making your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is non-traditional; insulation is usually used on the outside. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

This option can also be considered in an apartment building, when insulating the internal walls is the only way to thermally insulate the room. This process will help prevent the formation of fungus in the room.

Disadvantages of internal thermal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, which is why it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation of walls arise as follows:

with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment, cracks may appear on it, and condensation may occur.

With internal heat conservation, the dew point moves behind the supporting structure and forms between the insulator and the surface.

The result may be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice; a decrease in area.

Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with a material that would take up little space. At the moment, during insulation work, the room will become 10 cm smaller on each side.

Before making a decision on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the disadvantages and considering the advantages; this is the only way to avoid errors and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have their pros and cons.

The most popular thermal insulators:

These insulators are available everywhere and are inexpensive. Let's look at the characteristics of each type of insulator that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and foam plastic

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is very often used for insulating apartments and high-rise buildings.

It is enough to take a slab 5 cm thick. No special tools are needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

Ventilation must be forced - this may require additional costs.

This thermal insulation option is only suitable for concrete, brick, and foam block structures, since wood covered with this heat-insulating material loses its ability to “breathe.”

Mineral wool

A very common heat insulator. It is widely used for insulating walls from the inside of houses, apartments and industrial buildings; in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent soundproofing properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive and has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase rigid basalt wool slabs; they are easy to install. Another advantage of the material is its non-flammability.

But you should use this material with great caution if the walls in the apartment are damp, basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties.

Therefore, before laying it on the walls, you need to install a waterproofing layer, and before finishing the cladding, install a vapor barrier.

For waterproofing work, it is better to use membranes; they are vapor permeable and will not interfere with the “breathing” of external walls.

Wood fiber boards

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, so innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. This new product is a foil insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, onto which a layer of thin aluminum foil is glued.

The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed into the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material; just carefully prepare the surface and stick the insulation onto the wall.

Ecowool

The material appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among ordinary people due to a lot of advantages:

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

Internal thermal insulation of walls using ecowool is carried out strictly on wooden lathing, the pitch of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that when sprayed the material does not slide off the vertical surface.

Glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main component of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

But it’s worth talking about the disadvantages:

Despite the disadvantages, the material is very often used for insulating rooms, as it is low cost and easy to install.

When working with glass wool, you need to use protective equipment - glasses, a mask, gloves and thick clothing, since small, sharp particles of the material cause severe itching when they come into contact with the skin.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before installing wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we select the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

When insulating a house internally, it is important to install a good ventilation system even before installation, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Technology for insulating walls from the inside

Experts advise using insulation of a room from the inside only in special cases, for example:

Methods for insulating walls from the inside:

The first method does not require careful leveling of the bearing surface.

In addition, it is very easy to attach the facing material to the frame, so if you plan to build walls from plasterboard after insulation, then there is no need to install the sheathing.

If after insulation you plan to plaster the surface, then there is no need for a frame. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further finishing of the walls.

Insulation on the frame

How to properly insulate a wall from the inside of a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of walls from the inside is a labor-intensive process, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the fragile material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if foam plastic is chosen as the thermal insulation material.

There is no need to level the wall, but before installation it is worth clearing the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and covering it with an antiseptic compound.

The frame is constructed using aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is done using dowels or self-tapping screws, depending on the material from which the base is made.

The pitch of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if soft insulation is chosen for walls inside the walls, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters; when using polystyrene foam or polystyrene, it is exactly 60 cm.

If you decide to use wooden elements as racks, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is placed in the gaps, and all seams between the material are sealed with polyurethane foam. After the foam has dried, it is cut flush. After this, you can begin the final finishing.

Thermal insulation of indoor walls on the frame is made with the following materials:

Any of the above materials can be mounted using lathing on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation with glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the wall plane before insulation.

They are cleaned of dust and contaminants and degreased. Further work proceeds according to the following algorithm:

Do not forget that the installation of layers of material is carried out offset. In this case, it is necessary to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

The installation of insulation with glue has its limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

As soon as all the installation of the heat insulator is completed, finishing begins.

Finish coatings

Usually, when installing heat-saving boards with glue, they are plastered using a forming mesh for gypsum composition, and fiberglass for putty. These measures will prevent cracking of the finish coating.

After all the plastering and putty work is completed and the walls have dried, we clean the surface with a fine abrasive mesh and paint it with a water-based emulsion of the desired shade.

How to insulate houses from the inside

Each owner has his own individual requirements for what his house or apartment should be like. The exception to the rule is heat. Especially in the cold season, when the outside air temperature drops to below zero.

Everyone without exception agrees that housing should not only be beautiful, but also be able to maintain a comfortable temperature, even in very negative temperatures.

The reason for this unanimity lies not only in the desire to avoid the need to be at home in warm clothes that hinder movement.

The main troubles that follow freezing of walls are condensation, mold and fungi, which affect the health of residents.

In addition, the walls themselves suffer. While mold and mildew can be eliminated, it is not always possible to restore the quality of the damaged wall.

The way out of the situation is internal insulation of the walls, which protects from cold during frosts and from condensation during thaw periods.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation

As a rule, the culprits for reducing the comfortable temperature level in a room are heating systems, poorly insulated windows, or the roof of the house. If the heating, windows and roofing are normal, then the problem is really in the freezing walls, which require additional thermal insulation.

The indisputable advantages of internal wall protection against freezing include:

The disadvantages include:

Is it possible to insulate the walls inside an apartment?

Despite the fact that the option of internal insulation seems, at first glance, to be the most effective and profitable, experts recommend resorting to it only in the most extreme cases, if there is no other option.

If the operating organization has been promising to carry out external insulation for years, but the residents do not have their own funds, then everything that is not recommended can be carried out, since it is not strictly prohibited.