Door entrance blocks plastic technical characteristics. Door blocks ready for installation Features of the production of plastic doors
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Components of the door block: leaf, frame frame, fittings.
Plastic entrance doors have a U-shaped welded PVC frame with an aluminum (low) threshold. Balcony doors are framed around the perimeter.
We produce single-leaf doors (left/right-hand version), double-leaf doors (with a mullioned or mullion-free rebate, including with leaves of different widths), with a vertical impost, adjacent blind or translucent frame filling - in accordance with GOST 30970 "Door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles".
According to design options, door blocks are divided into:
- single-leaf doors (left and right opening), double-leaf doors (including with leaves of different widths), with a vertical impost and adjacent blind or translucent frame filling;
- doors with a transom (opening or non-opening);
- doors with a threshold on mechanical connections (for example, aluminum), without a threshold, with a closed frame frame (threshold from the same frame profile).
Door blocks are divided into internal and external.
Marking:
- “DPV” is an internal door block made of PVC profiles (intended for use inside a building: interior doors, for plumbing units, apartment entrances, etc.) door blocks,
- "DPN" is an external door block made of PVC profiles (entrance to buildings, structures, as well as vestibules).
By type of filling, door blocks are divided into:
- glazed (filled with double-glazed windows or various types of sheet glass: patterned, tempered, multilayer, reinforced, etc.);
- solid (filled with panels or other opaque materials);
- light or combined (with translucent filling of the upper part and solid filling of the lower part of the canvas);
The catalog presents prices for popular standard models of PVC doors.
Products are made to order for a specific opening. To find out how much a door will cost based on its size, use: online PVC door calculator.
The cost of a plastic door based on individual dimensions is calculated by the manager. Elements of fittings, handles and locks that are not included in the basic package can be added. Doors are made to order with different opening options: pivoting, double-leaf hinged, sliding, tilt-sliding.
Slab doors
PVC profile street doors have traditional controls and allow for unobstructed passage across the entire width of the opening - the hinge opens from one of the leaves.
The frame is an additional element of the sash, with a lock. The frame is attached to one of the leaves of the double-leaf door. In the fixed position, the sash is motionless. If necessary, the frame lock is unlocked and both doors of the opening open.
You can select and buy a plastic hinged door in the double-leaf doors section.
Color options: painting and lamination of plastic doors
The standard door color is white. To order, the PVC door profile can have a color other than white, imitating wood: oak, pine, walnut.
Where to buy plastic doors without overpayment
In MoscowIn Moscow, you can order doors at the company’s office and at home/facility by inviting a field manager.
In another region
To order metal-plastic doors at catalog prices in the Moscow region or with delivery to another region, use the cart / use the “buy in one click” form on the website. To order a door made to your size, please indicate the parameters in the comments. Upon receipt of the application, the manager will contact you to clarify the details of the order and issue an invoice for payment.
The prices in the catalog for standard plastic doors are presented without installation and delivery costs. Delivery is carried out by transport of the Business-M company in Moscow and the region. To other regions - cargo delivery service. Delivery of windows and doors
§ 21. Door blocks Classification of door blocks
The door block consists of a door frame and a door leaf hung on a vertical block of the frame on hinges.
According to their purpose, doors are divided into internal ones, including entrance doors from staircases to apartments and other premises, for sanitary facilities; external (entrance to buildings); vestibule and special soundproofing; fire protection; smoke-proof, etc. Internal doors can be interior doors, kitchen doors, for bathrooms, utility doors (for pantries, built-in wardrobes), for exiting to a balcony (balcony doors).
Doors according to their design are divided into frame (paneled); panel panels with solid or fine-hollow filling; with and without threshold; with and without transom. Based on the number of panels, there are single- and double-leaf doors, including those with panels of different widths.
Based on the direction and methods of opening, doors can be hinged, swinging and sliding, and based on the presence of glazing - glazed or solid.
Based on moisture resistance, doors are divided into doors of increased moisture resistance, intended for rooms with a constant relative air humidity of more than 60% (vestibule doors and doors installed in the external walls of buildings), and doors of normal moisture resistance - for rooms with a relative air humidity of up to 60%.
Depending on the finish, doors come with an opaque finishing coating (enamels, paints, lining with decorative sheet or film materials) and with a transparent finishing coating (transparent varnishes). In some rooms, for lighting with the so-called “second light”, a transom with a width equal to the width of the block is installed above the door.
In double-leaf door blocks, the gap formed between the leaves in the vestibule is closed on both sides with strips. In doors with swinging leaves that open in different directions, the narthex is not covered with a strip.
External door blocks are equipped with thresholds that improve thermal and sound insulation. Door blocks of internal doors are made with a threshold (entrance to apartments) and without a threshold (interior).
Depending on the hinge, doors are distinguished between right and left (Fig. 81). When installing a door block in an opening, the gap formed between the wall and the frame is caulked and covered with a casing.
For the purpose of sound and heat insulation, sealing gaskets made of polyurethane foam are installed in the blocks of entrance doors to the apartment.
Frame doors (Fig. 82) consist of vertical, horizontal and middle bars (strapping) with a thickness of 44.52 and a width of 122 mm. The gaps between the strapping bars and mullions are filled with shields - panels, glass. Panels can be made of planks (mainly in external doors), plywood, fiberboard or particleboard.
The plank panels are connected into a groove and overlap; in the latter case, the panel on the opposite side of the overlap is covered with a figured layout, which is attached to the bars with pins recessed into the wood or with hidden screws. It is not allowed to attach layouts to plank panels. Frame doors are mainly used as entrance doors from the street to premises.
Panel door is a wooden frame assembled from wooden blocks with a cross-section of 32...34x40...60 mm, which are connected in the corners with metal clips or on spikes (dowels), filled with a center of various designs and lined on both sides with solid fiberboard or plywood, planed veneer, laminated paper decorative plastic, decorative polyvinyl chloride film, decorative paper.
The panel door is lightweight, has good soundproofing qualities, strength, dimensional stability, hygiene, and is easy to use. The manufacture of a panel door requires a small amount of materials, mostly of low grades. For residential and public buildings, panel doors are manufactured with or without lining. The trim is attached around the perimeter to the door in a groove and tongue on three sides.
Internal wooden doors for residential and public buildings, depending on the design, are divided into the following types (GOST 6629-88): G - with blank leaves; O - with glazed panels; K - with glazed swinging panels; U - with solid filling of canvases, reinforced for entrances to apartments.
Doors of types G and O are manufactured with single- and double-leaf leaves with fine-hollow (lattice) filling of the leaves, with and without a threshold, with overlay and without overlay, with facings and without facings, with frames and without frames.
Doors of type K are manufactured with double-leaf leaves, with fine-hollow filling of the leaves, without a threshold, without overlap, with and without facings, with frames.
Doors of type U are manufactured with single-leaf blind leaves, with a threshold, without overlap, without facings, with reinforced frames or without frames. The panels in doors of this type are filled with wooden slats calibrated in thickness or chipboards - chipboard, as well as chipboard strips calibrated in width, laid on the edge. The vertical bars of the frame of this canvas must have a width of at least 90 mm, horizontal bars - at least 45 mm. The bars are connected in the corners with glue into a tenon or with dowels or paper clips.
D 
Belts used for sanitary cabins may be manufactured with a sheet 30 mm thick and a height of at least 1800 mm, with a box beam width of at least 50 mm.
Doors of types O and K can be made of a frame structure with a beam width of at least 100 mm. A box without a threshold is embroidered from below with a mounting board, which is secured with nails or using tenon joints to the ends of the vertical bars.
In doors of types O and K of public buildings, protective fences are installed on both sides of three wooden strips with a pitch of 150 mm, protecting the glass from damage.
Doors of type U and frameless types G and O are equipped with sealing gaskets made of polyurethane foam (GOST 10174-90). The design of type O doors is shown in Fig. 83. Door thickness 40 mm. The filling of the panels (Fig. 84) of door panels can be solid wood, bars (slats) or chipboard strips, small-hollow wooden bars (slats) or chipboard strips with a pitch of 40...60 mm, small-hollow veneer, plywood, hard or soft fiberboard, paper honeycombs.
In the middle of the door panels, bars are placed to install the lock and handles. The length of the bars should be 400 mm for canvases with a height of 2000 mm.
For the construction of unique buildings (theatres, museums), high-quality doors are made, lined with valuable wood (oak, walnut, mahogany, rosewood) and finished with light varnish to preserve the texture. Doors of residential and public buildings are painted with oil or synthetic paints and enamels, including water-based ones.
The door frame is a frame designed for fastening door leaves. Door frames come with or without a threshold. A box with a threshold is assembled from two vertical and two horizontal bars connected to each other by a tenon joint with glue and dowels.
A box without a threshold consists of two vertical and an upper horizontal bars, connected by a tenon joint with glue and fastened with dowels in the corners. Door leaves are hung in frames with two hinges, and type U doors with three hinges.
External wooden doors for residential and public buildings (GOST 24698-81), depending on the purpose, are entrance and vestibule type H, service doors - C, hatches and manholes - JI. Doors of type H are made of panels or frames (paneled), and panel doors can be with slatted cladding.
D 
Veri types H and C can be single- and double-sided, glazed and with blank panels, with or without a threshold. Panel doors (leaves) must be filled with calibrated slats in thickness. When covering door leaves on the outside with profiled slats on a layer of glassine or galvanized sheet steel, it is allowed to use solid fiber boards or FK grade plywood for the manufacture of doors. Tambour doors can be made without lining with wooden slats. The slats are attached to the canvas with screws or nails 40 mm long with an anti-corrosion coating in increments of up to 500 mm. In the lower part of the door leaf of type H, they are protected with wooden strips 16...19 mm thick (Fig. 85) or strips of decorative laminated paper 1.2...2.5 mm thick.
The leaves and frames of fire-resistant and insulated type C doors are sheathed with thin-sheet galvanized steel with a thickness of 0.35...0.8 mm. Fire-resistant door leaves are protected on both sides with 5 mm thick asbestos cardboard.
The doors are glazed with window glass 4...5 mm thick (GOST 111-90). When installing glass at a distance of less than 800 mm from the bottom of the panel, install a protective fence (grid).
Wooden doors (GOST 14624-84) are intended for production buildings of industrial and agricultural enterprises. Depending on their purpose, they are divided into internal (B) and external (H). By design, doors are available with a quarter rebate with blind leaves (G), with a quarter rebate with glazed leaves (O), and also with glazed swinging leaves (K). Doors are divided into panel doors with solid or lattice filling and frame doors.
Doors of types G and K are manufactured with right or left hinged leaves, with or without a threshold.
Internal doors of type G have a height of 1800 and 2000 and a width of 800... 1802 mm, type O - a height of 2000 and a width of 1402... 1802 mm, type K - a height of 2000 and a width of 1408... 1808 mm. External doors of types G and O have a height of 2000...2300 and a width of 800...900 mm. The thickness of the doors is 40 mm. External doors are lined with hard fiberboard or plywood and must be sheathed with profiled layouts (GOST 8242-88) over a layer of glassine. The layouts are secured with screws or nails with an anti-corrosion coating in increments of up to 500 mm. The lower part of the outer panels is lined with a plinth made of laminated paper plastic 220 mm wide, at least 2 mm thick, or made of super-hard fibreboards (GOST 4598-86), thin galvanized steel or aluminum. Sections of external doors of the panel structure are shown in Fig. 86.
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Introduction
Door blocks in an individual residential building are divided By:
- purpose - external and internal;
- manufacturing material - wooden, memetal, PVC, MDF lined or veneer;
- enclosing functions - blind and ostek lazy;
- number of doors - single and double doors you are e.
Door block:
- a - single-leaf;
- b - double-leaf.
Basic requirements for externaldoor blocks for individual installationdual residential building - strength and highthermal protection characteristics. Majoritydevelopers prefer outdoordoors - insulated metal doorshome” version, and the internal one is made of woodor PVC, single or double leaf.
The table below shows the main sizes of two ray.
Some types of doors for an individual residential building
Important characteristics of doors - noise reductionheat protection and durability. Provide for themthere are structural elements: frame, doornew fabric, fittings (hinges, handle and lock),threshold and platbands.
Door block elements
Types of external and interroom doors
Advantages of wooden external doors(rice. A) - environmental friendliness, aesthetics and malight weight Disadvantages - low heat protectionproperties and exposure to external influencesaggressive environment. Such doors require constantspecial care (painting, polishing); According tomany developers, they are less durable than metal.
Metal external doors (Fig. b) - the most common type of input todaystructures in private construction. They are upquite durable, as they have metalframe; can be well insulated; don't requireadditional care thanks to high qualitynatural paint coating, resistantto the influence of external aggressive environment.
Entrance doors:
- a - wooden;
- b - metal.
Interior wooden doors (rice. A) made from solid wood or studdedsheets, and when installed in interior spacesat home they are fully capable of providingcomfortable sound insulation.
MDF doors(rice. b) less environmentally friendly,than wooden ones. But they are not subject to destructioninsects and fungi, although they knowsignificantly lower noise protection characteristics.As a rule, such doors are lined with veneeror laminate, which significantly reduces costsstrength of the design compared to a similar onefrom the array. With good external qualitiesa significant drawback is the fear of moisture. In wetpremises (bathrooms, baths, saunas)individual residential building MDF doors withIt is not recommended to change.
When installed in the interior of the housePVC doors (rice. V) fully bothComfortable sound insulation is baked. But theiruse significantly reduces naturalgood ventilation, as they usually have a raftconnections and do not allow air to pass through. OSnew advantages - durability, ease of maintenanceand durability.
Interior doors from:
- a - wood;
- b - MDF;
- c - PVC.
Frame doors are made with claddingfrom laminate or veneer over wood or furmetal frame (Fig. a, b). Domesticcavities are filled with corrugated cardboard orinsulation, plywood is mounted on the frame orhardboard Frame wooden doors are consideredthe cheapest.
Door designs with frames made of:
- a - wood;
- b - metal.
There are many options availabledoors. Correctly selected designwill allow you to maintain the interior in the desired style.
Door design options
Installation of door blocks
Installation doorway blocks all types - quite difficultintensive process, but many developers individuallyof residential buildings cope with this taskon one's own. What is noteworthy: the more difficultdoor design, the simpler the installation technologyki. For example, for installing sliding, warehousethere are plenty of doors that open and similarinstall the supporting frame and align the verticaldesigns. Installation of the simplest designtions of the door - swing - let's look at it in more detail.
It is recommended to install the door blockshow off before finishing finishing worktami. First you need to decide what youdoor bur, frame design (with thresholdor without), check the verticality of the walls in placelocation and specify the dimensions of the doorema - there must be a gap between the door frameand the wall (about 10–15 mm).
Then you need to prepare a profiledtimber under the door leaf (Fig. A), consideringone of three ways to connect it at the corner:
- with trimming the ends of the box parts at 45°(rice. b) - the simplest and easiestcue, if you have a finely tuned one on handangle cutter, without it ensure the accuracy of the angleand correspondence of the dimensions of the box parts tothe door leaf is quite complex;
- with connecting the corners of the box with a tenon(rice. V) - the highest quality, but labora time-consuming method in terms of accuracy oncutting grooves and tenons, requiring a professionalbasic carpentry skills;
- with trimming the ends of the box parts at 90°(rice. G) - simpler in comparisonwith the first method in precision assembly and less labor-intensive compared to the second.
Door frame structure:
- a - profiled timber (section);
- b - connection of angles at 45°;
- c - tenon connection;
- d - connection of angles at 90°.
Following the third method, since it is correctEven a novice in this matter can figure it out, and after completingcorresponding measurements of the door leaf,cut the racks. For box designwith a threshold must be ensuredat the top and bottom the gap is no more than 5 mm between the edgesdoor leaf and grooves of the crossbar and threshold.That is, the timber should be cut 10 mm largerdoor leaf length. For a box without poroit is necessary to provide a gap at the topno more than 5 mm and from below the floor no less than 10 mm. That is, the stand must exceed the length by 15 mmdoor leaf.
Gaps on the sides (for a box with or without a threshold)set the same - no more than 5 mm. For thisthe crossbar and threshold are cut 10 mm longerdoor frame width taking into account thicknesstimber of both racks - 50 mm. Othersin words, the crossbar (K) should be equal to:
K = B + 2h + 2b,
where B is the width of the door leaf, mm;
h - gaps on the sides, 5 mm;
b - thickness of two racks, 50 mm.
Next, a cutout for the groove is marked at the ends of the racks,accurately taking the dimensions of the convex part (shelves)ki) crossbar and threshold (Fig. A). By thismarkings, carefully cut out the necessaryrecess (Fig. b). Then, having built themmakeshift workbench of four stoolsthe same height at the corners of the future doorboxes connecting the ends of the racks to the thresholdand crossbar, while the groove is aligned with the shelvescoy and fix it with screws. If the threshold is not aboveconsidered (Fig. G), then the lower ends of the racks are temporarily fixed to the rail, observingthe corresponding width of the door leaf and forZorov on the sides. The box is ready.
Door frame assembly:
- a - the ends of the vertical and horizontal bars of the box;
- b - cut groove on verticaltimber under the shelf of a horizontal beam;
- c - box with threshold;
- g - box without threshold.
After this, place the door inside the frame and youalign the gaps along the edges (Fig. A). Thenapply awnings, door lock and acceptmounting bar at the place of their installation (Fig. b) to determine their location (Fig. V). For a mortise lock, mark on the door leafposition of the locking mechanism box and fixiebreaking bar. Location of door hinges(canopies) are laid at a distance of 15–20 cmfrom the edges, and mortise locks - 85–95 cm from the floor.
Marking the door leaf and frame for installing awnings and a mortise lock:
- a - placing the door inside the frameand alignment of gaps;
- b - attaching awnings and a lock;
- c - marking the location of the canopies and the lock.
The choice of lock depends on the purpose of the room.In interior rooms they are mainly usednom so-called latch locks (Fig. A), intended for fixing the door in a closedcondition. In outdoor areas, includingand those where it is necessary to restrict access (toexample, furnace), more difficult to install locks with a locking device are usedand keys (Fig. b).
Some types of mortise locks:
- a - latch lock;
- b - locking device.
As for door hinges (canopies), the modernThe mining industry offers manyoptions for their execution, distinguished by designstructure, installation methods, degree of strength and appearance.
For entrance doors and heavy doorsFor different fabrics, it is better to choose overhead awnings(rice. A), for light interior - hinges -butterflies (Fig. b). Overhead awnings in slowhen mature they have a thickness of 6–8 mm, thereforewhen installing, they must be deepened into the enddoor leaf. Butterfly loops are thickWell, about 3 mm, they are easily fixed in placeand do not require insertion.
Some types of door hinges:
- a - overhead canopies;
- b - butterfly loops.
After selecting door hinges (canopies) and mortiselocks, you can begin installing them. FirstThe first step is to install the door leaf on its edge (Fig. A) and transfer the previously made layoutku from the front side to the end of the door usingsquare (Fig. b). Between two linesmarkings apply a canopy (Fig. V) and essayread its longitudinal side (Fig. G). Having thus determined the place where the canopy will be planted,it is buried to the thickness of the petal (Fig. d). To do this, you can use a chisel ormanual electric milling machine. At the end of thisstage, fix the hinges to the door leafrupees (Fig. e).
Sequence of installation of canopies:
- a - installation on the edge of the door leaf;
- b - transfer of markings to the end;
- c - determination of the location of the loops;
- g - delineation longitudinal side of the canopy;
- d - deepening of the canopy by thickness petal;
- e - mounting the canopy on screws.
Next, the door leaf is installed againstpositive rib (Fig. A) and proceed to monI say mortise lock. The markings that were madeearlier, transferred using a square(rice. b) and use it to determine the axial (centralny) line (Fig. V). Then the contours are drawnfixing plate, as well as the locking bodymechanism, leaving allowances of 2–3 mm with eachsides (Fig. G). Prepare the nest according to the markingsunder the body of the locking mechanism and a recess under the landing zone of the fixing bar (Fig. d). Next, holes are drilled on the sides of the canvasfor door handles, key holder and tie rodsscrews in the appropriate areas and assemblelock at the insertion point (Fig. e). SimilarThis is how the latches fit into place.
Door lock insertion sequence:
- a - installation of the door leaf on the edge;
- b - transfer of markings;
- c - determination of the center line of the locking device and door canvases;
- d - determination of the position of the fixing plateand lock body with allowances;
- d - preparing the nest formechanism and recesses for the fixing bar;
- e - drilling necessary holes and assembly of the mechanism.
Finally, all that remains is to arrange for the latch andporn tongue entrances in the box. Forthis is done by placing the receiving strip in placeinstallations, then mark the necessary nichesand deepen them. Then fix the bar andplacing the door leaf in the open positionnii in relation to the box (Fig. A), windowscarefully fix the awnings to the jamb as previouslyto the intended marks (Fig. b).
Work on installing the latch and locking tongue of the door leaf in the frame:
- a - installation of the receiving strip;
- b - fixation of canopies.
The door is closed and the accuracy is checked againmaking gaps between the canvas and the boxcoy, as well as the quality of operation of the mortise lock whenopening (closing). If it is needed,perform adjustments to attached parts. After this, along the upper corners and lower sidesthe door frame is filled with slats (Fig. A), without fear of damaging the front of the jamb -subsequently it will be covered with platbands. Suchthe procedure will protect the box from skewing during installationadjustment and will make it easier to install the door flushwith the surface of the walls. If a door is built inbox without threshold, first fix the slats,then remove the temporary beam attachedto the bottom of the racks (Fig. b).
Preparing the assembled door for installation in the doorway:
- a - stuffing slats,
- b - fixing the slats and removing the temporary beam.
To install a door flush with plasterwalls, you need to insert the box andpanel into the opening and press the protruding ends of the slatsto Wall. After this you need to checkhorizontal and vertical positiondoor frame. If there are distortions, for examplemeasures horizontally, you need to place the hats underone of the pillars (if the door has no threshold) or sidesthreshold until complete leveling (Fig. A). If the vertical is not maintained, then level itwith slabs between the ends of the slats and the wall. That isin order to tilt the door forward, placingput the slabs under the top slats so that back - underends of the bottom rail (Fig. b).
Installing a door into an opening:
- a - horizontal adjustment (front view);
- b - vertical adjustment (side view).
Having established the correct position of the door, pillardoor frame is fixed to the wall using any up toin a step-by-step way. After this, all slats are removedand begin to eliminate the gaps between the doorbox and opening (Fig. A). First fillremove the voids between the frame and the wall installationwith foam (Fig. b). Then after dryingfoam and trimming its excess from the front side tothey carry plaster mortar, and on the back - a devicethey create the door slope (Fig. V). After thatyou can start finishing the windowsafter which the platbands are stuffed (Fig. G).
Preparing the door perimeter for finishing:
- a - installed door in the opening;
- b - filling the voids of the assembly room foam;
- c - arrangement of slopes;
- d - finishing and installation of platbands.
Plastic doors have become a part of our lives. It is no longer possible to imagine entrances to shops, offices, and shopping centers made of another material; PVC is used everywhere. The abbreviation PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. This popular material is widely used for the production of doors and windows. Today everyone appreciates the strength, tightness and durability of plastic products, their elegance, as well as ease of care and maintenance.
Basic definitions
When making a door structure, to give strength, the PVC profile inside is reinforced with aluminum liners. That is why such products are also called metal-plastic. The requirements for them are set out in GOST “Door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles” (GOST 30970-2002). The dimensions and shape of the products are determined by the customer.
GOST of the Russian Federation was introduced on March 1, 2003. It defines the rules for designating PVC door blocks and their classification:
- by appointment;
- constructive solution;
- type of filling;
- profile designs;
- finishing
The standard should be followed by manufacturers producing PVC plastic products. Buyers will also gain a lot of useful information from GOST, which will help them not to make mistakes when choosing a product.
Door blocks have the following purposes:
- external, these include entrance street doors and vestibule doors;
- internal, divided into interior, balcony, bathroom and toilet.
By design, door blocks are divided into single-leaf and double-leaf. Single-field ones open to the right and left and are designated accordingly (R, L). Double-leaf doors are most often equipped with a hinged closing system. In addition, blocks come with or without a threshold, with a transom on top or on the side.
Depending on the type of filling, the door leaf can be:
- deaf (filled with insulation);
- glazed (a double-glazed window or sheet glass is installed);
- light (the bottom is made of canvas, and the top is glass);
- decorative
PVC profile products vary in the number of internal chambers: two, three or more.
Profile finishing is divided into the following types:
- colored in mass (white or colored);
- laminated;
- painted (varnish or paints).
Technical designations
The requirements defined in GOST apply to products with an area of no more than six square meters. In this case, the area of the opening panel should not exceed 2.5 m2. The weight limit for the fabric is 80 kilograms.
When manufacturing products of larger area or weight, it is necessary to perform additional calculations or conduct strength tests.
When buying plastic doors, it is advisable to understand the designations given in the documentation. For example, let’s decipher the designation DPVM GB L 2200-1500 GOST 30970-2002.
The first letters are deciphered as follows: DPV - internal PVC door block (or DPN - external). It is allowed to add a fourth number specifying the purpose of the door: M - interior. The type of internal filling of the canvas is indicated through a space: G – blank. The sixth digit means: B – no threshold. The seventh letter L denotes a single-field design solution indicating the direction of movement. A double-leaf door is designated Dv. The numbers 2200-1500 indicate the size of the door leaf: height and width.
The dimensions of the doorway of residential premises are determined by building codes and have the following meanings:
- height – from 2170 to 2419 mm;
- width – from 70 to 910 mm.
According to GOST, the opening to enter the apartment must have a size of at least 910 mm.
The maximum dimensions of plastic sheets - height and width for specific brands are prescribed in the technical documentation (TS) for a specific product.
Operating requirements
For exterior entrance, apartment and balcony products, requirements for heat transfer, sound insulation, air permeability, opening cycles and durability must be met.
GOST provides the value of heat transfer resistance depending on the thickness of the filling with three-layer panels. With a layer thickness of 16 to 24 mm, the resistance coefficient should be within the following limits: 0.8-1.2 m 2 C/W. Sound insulation should not exceed 26 dBA, and the air permeability of the structure should not exceed 35 m 2 / (h m 2).
The number of opening/closing cycles of entrance doors according to GOST requirements should not be less than 500,000.
Heat transfer is one of the main requirements for external plastic doors
The service life of the main parts of PVC door structures is divided as follows:
- profiles – 40 years;
- double-glazed windows – 20;
- seals – 10.
Based on the degree of strength, PVC profiles are divided into classes A, B and C. In the manufacture of door structures, class A profiles with a front wall thickness of 3 mm are used. The strength class is determined during testing.
If the width of the welded sheets exceeds 600 mm, then such a corner connection is reinforced with metal liners. To increase resistance to deliberate penetration, various options are allowed:
- installation of additional locks;
- glass up to 10 mm thick;
- anti-removal devices;
- reinforced hinges.
Structural design of the vestibules
Double-floor structures can be closed using an impost or a frame structure. An impost is a plastic partition dividing a door or window in which a groove is installed for closing. The modern hinged design allows both halves of the door to be opened without creating obstacles or disrupting the view.
The frame design is relevant for offices, shops and entrance doors to the house. In this case, one half can be fixed to the latch and opened if necessary to carry furniture or other bulky things. Old interior or balcony doors with two leaves will perfectly replace plastic ones with a hinge that swing wide open outward. In the case of a balcony design, this design allows for more efficient use of the room area.
The hinged design is especially relevant for balcony doors
Gradually, the impost is becoming a thing of the past, giving way to a more rational design - the shulpovoy. In addition to improving the appearance, saving material, increasing the luminous flux, the frame system has increased anti-burglary resistance. Two plastic sashes are connected by snapping and are quite difficult to break open from the outside, unlike an impost structure. The locking mechanism can be attached to one leaf or two, and only a specialist can notice it.
Users also note the good tight fit of door leaves with a latch latch. This is especially true for a balcony door, as it allows you to retain heat in the apartment. Among the mechanisms of the latch design, the simple and economical latch version stands out. There are latches on the passive leaf at the bottom and top, and on the active leaf there is a handle that operates the door opening system.
Features of PVC balcony doors
Traditionally, balcony doors are made in the same design as the window. Therefore, the manufacture of balcony structures has its own characteristics. The advantage of PVC products over other materials is:
- tight fit of the canvas to the frame and ease of opening/closing;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- airtightness and low heat transfer, so that there is no heat leakage in the room through the balcony door;
- ease of care.
Plastic balcony doors must fit tightly to the frame and not allow air to pass through
Plastic balcony doors are made from a window profile as a single unit, so the same tilt-and-turn mechanisms are used as for windows. At the customer's request, the product is equipped with a double-sided handle to prevent accidental latching while on the balcony. Window fittings (hinges, latches, etc.) are also used.
Balcony doors are made with glass covering the entire door leaf or with partial glazing when the lower part is made blank. Full glazing allows you to change the lighting of the room and add zest to the interior. Options with or without a threshold are also allowed.
If the balcony is glazed, then it is enough to install a single-chamber double-glazed window on the door. With an open balcony, at least a 3-chamber profile and double-glazed windows are used to retain heat.
The size of the product is determined by the height and width of the opening. The standard size is: height – at least 190 cm, width – 60 cm. If the size of the balcony opening exceeds 90 cm, a shutter closing system is used. If it is necessary to reduce the size of the sash to be opened, the second part is made blind or closed with latches. Taking into account the variety of sizes and shapes of windows, the production of balcony blocks is carried out according to individual projects.
When manufacturing a balcony door, you must be guided by GOST 30970-2002 “Door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles.”
To maintain the interior of the room, plastic balcony doors are made in different designs: white or colored laminated, leaving room for the owners’ creativity.
Technical characteristics and GOST for PVC doors
Today there is no person who has not heard of PVC doors, also called metal-plastic or simply plastic. Using them in everyday life, how often have we wondered what it is?
Such doors are usually made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material reinforced inside with aluminum structures. Hence the name - metal-plastic. PVC is a difficult to ignite and self-extinguishing material, resistant to atmospheric influences, as well as the destructive effects of alkalis and acids, and not subject to rapid wear. It is these characteristics that allow it to be used for the manufacture of door frames. Also, a PVC door is much cheaper and often more beautiful, as evidenced by customer reviews.
Anyone who buys a PVC door should know that the opportunity to choose a truly high-quality product is regulated by law. Since 2002, the State Standard for metal-plastic doors has been in use. It is called “Door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles” (GOST 30970–2002).
This standard describes the main types of metal-plastic doors and their technical characteristics required by production. GOST obliges manufacturers to adhere to all quality standards described in it. Therefore, when purchasing a metal-plastic door, in order not to blindly trust the seller, it is important to understand the basic concepts of GOST.
Typology of PVC doors according to GOST
In accordance with GOST 30970–2002, metal-plastic doors are divided into:
- Regarding the purpose, the door can be external or internal. An internal door can be an interior door, an entrance door to an apartment or for a bathroom;
- Regarding the type of filling of the door frame:
- glazed PVC door, into the frame of which a double-glazed window or transparent glass of any type is inserted;
- a blind door whose door leaf is opaque. It can also be: light (when the lower part of the door is not transparent, but the upper part allows light to pass through) and decorative (when the PVC door leaf is equipped with an architectural pattern);
- Regarding its design, a metal-plastic door can be:
- with one canvas (right or left) and with two canvases (the same or different widths);
- with a fixed sash or one that opens;
- with or without a threshold, with or without a frame box;
- regarding the type of PVC profile.
Here the classification occurs according to the number of chambers of the profile system from which the door is made. Profiles come with two, three or more cameras;
- Regarding the profile finishing option, the PVC door can be white or another color, covered with a laminating film or with a co-extruded front covering.
Technical requirements for PVC doors according to GOST 30970–2002
The state standard quite strictly regulates the parameters that the production of plastic doors can afford - these are dimensions, filling of the canvas, permissible deviations during manufacturing. Accordingly, requirements are put forward in relation to the fittings. This document also specifies measures for quality control of products, standards for their packaging, transportation and storage.
Operating characteristics of a plastic door
To ensure that the door you buy satisfies your needs and maintains the necessary microclimate in the house, when choosing, you need to pay attention to its main characteristics:
- Heat transfer resistance may depend on the thickness of the insulating material, but should not go beyond 0.8-1.2 m²xC/W.
- Air permeability is no more than 3.5 m³/(hhm2).
- Sound insulation not less than 26 dBA
- The state standard also establishes that the number of years of use for a PVC profile must be at least 40, for a double-glazed window - at least 20, for a seal - at least 10. The number of openings and closings during this period can be at least 500,000 times.
Strength groups of metal-plastic doors
When purchasing, the strength group of the door is also an important indicator. There are only three of them: A, B, C. The strongest, according to this GOST classification, are the doors of group A. You can also find out about this by reading customer reviews.
What deviations can be considered a defect in the production of PVC doors?
Production in violation of the requirements of the State Standard occurs in cases where:
- There is a difference in the dimensions of the finished product and the dimensions indicated in the design documentation. The difference should not be more than 2 mm and less than 1 mm. The difference in diagonal length for PVC doors should not exceed 2 mm for a door leaf measuring 1.5 sq.m and 3 mm for larger doors.
- Scratches, chips and other deformations are found on the door leaf, as well as differences in color or gloss that are visible to the naked eye.
- The door opens and closes with strain and force.
- There are deviations in technical specifications from those stated in the documentation.
- Deviations from GOST requirements during installation.
When purchasing a PVC door, do not forget that you have the right to demand compliance with the requirements of the State Standard from any company operating in the Russian Federation.
Building company. I am collecting commercial proposals for PVC profile doors for a school. I'll send you the specifications.
Technical characteristics, GOST for the door: what does it mean?
Everyone knows that theater begins with a hanger. You can’t argue with a classic, but the first thing the human eye stumbles upon is the door. Their appearance, durability and quality best characterize both the room you are about to enter and the owner himself. In this article we will talk about what types of products exist, what GOST is for metal-plastic doors and why it was created
Reference: GOST is a category of accepted standards that are presented as normative and non-legal acts. They become mandatory after registration with the Ministry of Justice. This is an important requirement of production standards, designed to increase the level of safety of citizens and interact with maximum efficiency in various industries. This means that the manufacturer can easily find the necessary fittings for standard metal-plastic doors.
What do numbers and letters mean in GOST
The manufacture of products from polyvinyl chloride profiles is regulated by GOST 30970 2002. Doors made in accordance with the requirements of this GOST are made in compliance with all technical requirements. The markings indicate letters and numbers, the meaning of which carries important information outlined below.
The combination of DPV means what type of product is presented: the letter “B” indicates that the block is internal, and the letter “N” (DPN) indicates external metal-plastic doors.
- C - block is used to equip sanitary facilities.
- T - in vestibules, corridors.
- M - between rooms.
The following symbols indicate how the canvas is filled.
- Glazed doors are marked with the letter O.
- Blind plastic door – G.
- Decorative fabric, or lightened - S.
What kind of door design you see in front of you is clear from these symbols.
- P – product with a threshold.
- B – design without a threshold.
- F - indicates the presence of a transom.
- K - means that the box is closed.
Which direction a single-leaf door has when opening will become clear when reading the markings “L” or “R”. And if the product is double-sided, then you will see the letters “Dv” there. But the dimensions in millimeters will be indicated by subsequent numbers. PVC windows will be marked according to GOST in the same way.
For ease of perception, all this fits into the framework of a certain classification.
- Purpose of door blocks.
- Designs and solution.
- Type of filling.
- Execution of profile systems.
- Type of finishing.
The last 2 points provide for the number of cameras in the profile system of the block and painting or lamination with film.
PVC, metal-plastic, plastic - what's the difference?
We are talking about the same product. The full name of doors or windows will sound like this: reinforced or metal-reinforced plastic (made of polyvinyl chloride) door blocks. Therefore, GOST for metal-plastic doors, GOST for plastic doors and GOST for polyvinyl chloride doors is expressed as a single accepted provision.
Special technical and operational characteristics and requirements
Door and window units must perform the main functions, which are expressed by the following operating characteristics:
- strength group from the strongest “A” to the weakest “B”;
- the durability of the profile is 40 years, the double-glazed window is 20 years, and the seal is 10 years;
- low level of heat transfer with an indicator from 0.8 to 1.2 m²xC/W;
- sound insulation should not fall below 26 dBA;
- air permeability should not exceed 3.5 m³ (hhm²);
GOST for PVC doors also meets the basic technical requirements:
- the profile must be connected firmly and tightly;
- products are manufactured with mandatory compliance and in accordance with technological documentation;
- in order to remove moisture from the outside of the blocks, special holes must be placed;
- to prevent the color profile from overheating, there are also holes coming out through the outer sides of the chamber;
- all components from which the blocks are assembled must be manufactured in accordance with the GOST standards established for them;
- the weight of canvases not exceeding 6 m² with an area of elements that open 2.5 m² cannot exceed 80 kg;
- the use of blocks must be safe, which is necessarily reflected in the design documentation and is confirmed by the presence of an appropriate certificate;
- compliance with existing fire regulations is required.
The technical characteristics of the GOST 30970 2002 door were established in 2002 with minor changes made in 2014. PVC windows GOST 30970 2002 must also meet specially developed standards that comply with GOST.
Features of balcony doors
GOST requirements for PVC balcony doors are somewhat different. They are described in detail in GOST 30673 - 99.
- These blocks use various channels and valves that can improve the humidity conditions of an apartment or house.
- To enhance sound insulation, special valves are installed in the products, which absorb noise.
- Balcony doors can withstand increased operating loads, for example, strong winds, as required by established standards. Increased attention is paid to resistance to static loads.
- In the technical designations of the block passport you can see the letter M, which is added when using a frost-resistant version of the product.
- The design of balcony blocks is installed with increased attention to fire safety.
- To increase the heat-insulating properties, balcony double-glazed windows are filled with a special gas.
- GOST for plastic balcony doors provides for strengthening the profile of products with liners coated with an anti-corrosion compound.
GOST 30970-2002 for plastic entrance and interior doors
The spread of technology for manufacturing door blocks from polyvinyl chloride has led to the need to develop generally accepted standards for these products. Therefore, in 2002, an interstate standard was published (GOST 30970-2002), regulating the requirements for door blocks made of PVC profiles. This regulatory document regulates the standards by which swing plastic doors are produced. The requirements of GOST 30970-2002 do not apply to plastic models for special purposes, including balcony doors.
The development and implementation of state standards is the only opportunity to oblige manufacturers to produce products that meet certain requirements. In the absence of a generally accepted GOST, manufacturers work according to specifications developed independently. As a result, similar products produced at different enterprises may have different properties and vary greatly in quality.
The implementation of GOST for products used in the construction industry is very important. After all, the reliability of the structures being built, and, consequently, the safety of people, depends on the properties and qualities of the manufactured products.
Current regulatory documents
The beginning of mass production of doors and windows made of plastic occurred at the end of the last century. In 1999, GOST 30673-99 was adopted, which regulated the requirements for PVC profiles from which window and door units were assembled. The state standard made it possible to restore order in the production of plastic products, which were previously produced according to specifications developed by each company independently. 
Today, according to the requirements of GOST 30674-99 and GOST 232166-99, PVC balcony doors are produced.
For external door plastic blocks and interior doors made of PVC, GOST 30970-2002 is used. This regulatory document describes the manufacturing technology of plastic doors, the standard values of the parameters and possible deviations from the standards.
Features of the production of plastic doors
Plastic balcony doors are made using the same technology as PVC profile windows. Essentially, a balcony door is just a large plastic window with hinged or (less commonly) swing doors. 
There are different requirements for interior and entrance doors, so in 2002 a regulatory document was adopted regulating the production of these products. Interior and especially facade plastic doors should be more burglar-resistant and reliable than models installed on a balcony block.
Specifications
Basic requirements for plastic doors, regulated by GOST:
- Heat transfer resistance – 0.8-1.2 m²*C/W (depending on the type of insulation).
- Sound insulation – not less than 26 dB;
- Air permeability – no more than 3.5 m³/h*m²
What is considered a defective plastic door?
A serious violation of GOST requirements or, in other words, a defective plastic door is considered to be:
- Significant deviations in dimensions from those stated in the documentation. The permissible deviation in dimensions is -1 mm/+0.2 mm.
Advice! There is a limited tolerance for measurement differences in the diagonal length of the door leaf. For doors with a total area of up to 1.5 m², this tolerance is 2 mm; if plastic doors have an area of more than 1.5 m², then the tolerance for measurement mismatch is 3 mm.
- A defective plastic door is considered to have various surface defects - chips, dents, scratches. Unacceptable surface defects include differences in the degree of gloss and shade that are visible to the naked eye.
- Quality doors should be easy to close and lock if they are equipped with latches or locks. According to GOST requirements, when closing the door, ensuring the required deformation of the seals, the force should not exceed 120N.
- The presence of deviations in the actual technical characteristics of the doors from the values stated in the documents is considered a defect.
Advice! GOST regulates not only the standards for the manufacture and characteristics of plastic doors, but also the rules for their installation. Plastic doors are installed taking into account the requirements of GOST 30971.
Types of plastic doors
In modern construction, a wide variety of doors made of plastic are used.
Classification by purpose
Plastic doors can be used for:
- Facade or external;
- Internal.
The latter type of doors is divided into entrance doors installed in entrances or common corridors, interior doors, balcony doors, doors for bathrooms and saunas.
By filling type
According to this parameter, the following types of plastic doors are distinguished: 
- Deaf. These are doors that have a leaf filled with sandwich panels or other opaque material.
- Glazed. Models with a glass insert, this can be multi-layer glass, patterned or tinted glass.
By type of design
Plastic doors, like regular swing models, can be:
- Single-leaf and double-leaf.
Advice! Double-leaf models can have doors of both equal and different widths. In addition, there are double-leaf models in which both doors are movable, or those in which one of the doors is fixed in a fixed position.
In addition, the doors can be equipped with a threshold or have a frame structure in which the role of the threshold is assigned to the bottom strip of the frame.
By type of finish
Based on this feature, the following types of plastic doors are distinguished: 
- Completely painted white;
- Completely colored in any shade other than white;
- Laminated, that is, covered with decorative film. The film can imitate various surfaces, most often it imitates the structure of wood or stone.
So, plastic doors are produced according to GOST requirements; the regulatory document sets out the basic requirements for the products.
Characteristics of plastic doors "VEKA"
Metal-plastic door system "VEKA"
Technical features of plastic doors "VEKA"
Special powerful steel reinforcements with integrated corner connectors ensure high stability of VEKA door structures.
The geometry of the systems ensures the use of the widest range of door fillings - and significantly expands the range of design solutions.
Thresholds with thermal break guarantee excellent thermal insulation.
Door threshold extenders provide high static and energy-saving performance of finished door structures.
VEKA doors have a modern design thanks to their elegant design and glazing beads. Plastic doors "VEKA" can be supplied in white, single-sided or double-sided color versions.
The doors of the "VEKA" system are made of high-quality plastic. They are environmentally friendly and have a rich, glossy white color.
Advantages of the "VEKA" door profile
The door structure of a swing door consists of a frame that is fixed into the wall opening and a blank or glazed panel hung on the frame. A frame with a hung leaf forms a door block.
House entrance doors. Doors leading from the premises to the street protect the interior from various atmospheric influences; they themselves must be protected from hacking and have an attractive appearance. It is most rational to place external doors on the side opposite to the direction of the prevailing winds; thus, the impact of streams of slanting rain on the door will be minimized. With a different location, you will have to frequently restore the paint and repair the outer door. In addition, in this case, in the lower part of the door block it is necessary to provide special measures against the flow of rainwater during strong winds or to protect the entrance doors by installing awnings, canopies or vestibules. Tambours are rooms that serve as a buffer zone between outside and inside air. Thanks to the vestibule in winter, cold air cannot directly penetrate inside the apartment, and warm air cannot escape outside. The vestibules, therefore, perform a heat-protective function. They are also often a place where dirt and moisture remain and do not penetrate further into the house or apartment.
It is often necessary to ensure high thermal insulation properties of interior spaces; in this case, the entrance doors are thermally insulated, and to increase the sound insulation properties, the door leaf is filled with heavy bulk materials, such as sand or lead shot.
Double skinned doors consist of two layers of nailed or glued boards. A paneled door can also have double lining. The quarters are formed by a recess in the double skin.
Paneled doors (doors with frame construction) consist of frame and panel. Panels made of glass or wood can be installed in the grooves of the trim, be floating or closed with a glazing bead.
The strapping elements are connected into a tenon and groove, wedged and glued together. When the thickness of the strapping is more than 50 mm, the corners are connected with a double tenon. There is also a connection at an acute angle into a small tenon.
The doorway is blocked from above by a lintel that transfers the load from the overlying structures to the partitions. The size of the doorway should be slightly larger than the door frame. It is desirable that there is a gap of at least 2 cm wide between the box and the wall, which can be used for laying thermal insulation material.
The door frame is a frame made of bars with rebates, which are secured with steel plates or with the help of spacer dowels. For doors with heavy leaves, anchors embedded in the masonry should be used.
For a door frame with a threshold in the floor, two embedded parts are used. If the width of the door leaf exceeds 1250 mm, the frame is additionally secured in the middle of the upper horizontal bar. It is secured on the sides with dowels, and at the top and in the threshold with screws. Thin wooden planks are placed at the fastening points so that there are no voids between the wall and the frame and it stands straight. Countersinks are made under the heads of nails and screws (recesses made with a countersink - a spear drill, a triangular spatula - for recessing the heads of nails, screws, screws). Then these places are puttied.
Hanging the door leaf and checking the accuracy of the fit (if the door leaf touches the lower bars of the frame when opening, it is lifted or planed from below).
Checking the tightness of the door rebate and the operation of the lock. Fastening the side of the box where the lock is embedded with two nails and a secondary check of the accuracy of the fit of the canvas to the box.
Doors are usually attached at three points in height to the vertical bars of the frame. Attachment points are located, if possible, at a height convenient for performing work. For doors of standard height, the extreme fastening points are usually approximately 30 cm from the top frame of the frame and 25 cm from the threshold.
The boxes are aligned and secured with wedges; then they are connected to the embedded part installed in the masonry. If steel linings are used, then first they are attached to the box, and after installing the box in the opening, the other end of the linings is attached to the wall with nails or dowels. In two or three places along the height of the box, small holes are made through which cement mortar is pumped into the gap. To prevent the vertical bars of the box from bending into the opening when the solution is pumped and hardened, they are temporarily secured with a special spacer or a regular board.
External entrance door leaves are hung in frames on hinges with non-removable rods, on spring hinges that allow door leaves to be opened in both directions, or installed on thrust bearings.
Apartment doors, that is, doors separating apartment premises from the staircase or lobby, must be burglary-resistant, soundproof and retain heat inside the apartment. The soundproofing ability must be certified by a test certificate from a reputable government agency. The degree of sound insulation of a door is largely determined by its mass, as well as the properties of the material filling the internal space.