Letter of thanks for cooperation. Text of the organization's thank you letter
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7 original and non-standard examples texts of a thank you letter about cooperation. Choose the best option and edit for yourself, all texts can be downloaded in Word. What should be the ideal thank you letter? simple tips, which will help you write the best letter of gratitude for your cooperation.
Letter of thanks many experts recognize it as one of the varieties business letters. Usually, this type letters are used in collective organizations related by profession or study. The closest definition to a letter of gratitude can be considered the well-known diploma, which is usually awarded in schools and sports clubs for achievements.
A letter of gratitude can be addressed to both a specific person and the organization as a whole, for example, for fruitful cooperation. In this article we offer several options for writing a thank you letter for cooperation. The texts of the letters are given below.
The procedure for writing such letters is discussed in the article: .
1. Text of a letter of gratitude for cooperation addressed to the employee.
Dear Zinaida Valerievna!
Surely you know that our young company cannot yet boast of significant work experience and a rich pedigree. But our company has something much more significant: employees like you!
Let me express to you warm words of recognition and gratitude for the fact that you have been honestly working for the benefit of our company almost from the very first day! Our team remembers how you and everyone else steadfastly overcame all difficulties initial stage the development of our common brainchild; how they helped less experienced colleagues good advice and supported with a warm word at the right moment.
Largely thanks to you, our company is now rapidly developing and opening up tempting horizons for all of us. Your intelligence, your experience, your kindness played an extremely important role for the common good!
We are sincerely interested in continuing cooperation, we wish you warmth, health and love!
2. Example of the text of a letter of gratitude for cooperation addressed to staff
Dear colleagues, employees of our wonderful Hypermarket LLC!
On behalf of the Board of Directors, we congratulate you on successfully achieving your business goal this year! Our common success is great!
Throughout the whole year, you have worked courageously and selflessly to complete the tasks assigned to you. And you did it! Thanks to your common efforts, your collective spirit, our company will enter the New Year one of the most prosperous in the city.
We appreciate you and sincerely wish you warmth, love, family comfort and high salaries!
Sincerely, CEO.
3. Example of a letter of gratitude for cooperation addressed to partners
Dear partners!
I express my sincere gratitude to you for our fruitful cooperation! Our joint efforts led us to a natural business victory! I believe that in the future we will be able to maintain and continue our partnership.
I wish you health, personal prosperity, new mutually beneficial projects and conquering even more inaccessible heights in our difficult business.
4. An example of a letter of thanks for cooperation to a partner
Dear …!
We greatly appreciate our cooperation with your company over the past 5 years.
We are well aware that the success we have achieved in recent years is the result of painstaking collaboration, constant daily interaction with your specialists. Thanks to your openness, desire to understand and satisfy your partner’s needs, and focus on improving performance indicators, our relationship grows stronger every year, and we conquer new heights in capturing the attention of consumers.
We express our gratitude to you for your joint work and hope for further strengthening of existing relations and growth of indicators achieved during joint activities.
We wish your company prosperity and success!
Sincerely…
5. An example of a text of gratitude for cooperation to the partner’s team
Dear...!
On behalf of our company we express our deep gratitude to the team _________ for mutually beneficial cooperation and support provided during promotional activities aimed at developing new customer channels. The dedication and integrity of _______ employees allowed us to achieve amazing results. Our company has reached new market sales, thanks professional approach team of ________ organization to conduct an advertising campaign for our product.
We sincerely hope that this interaction between our companies was not the last, and we look forward to strengthening and expanding partnerships in the future!
Sincerely…
6. Example of an official thank you letter for cooperation to a partner
Dear…!
"___" LLC, represented by General Director _______, expresses gratitude to the team and management of ___ LLC for successful long-term cooperation. Over the years of interaction, the relations between our companies have strengthened, thanks to common interests we have achieved best results at work. We express hope for further development of our relations and access to new level cooperation with closer relationships.
Sincerely…
7. Text of the letter of gratitude to the supplier for cooperation
IP ___ expresses gratitude to LLC ___ for long-term cooperation and uninterrupted supply of products to our company’s warehouses. The professionalism of your specialists, attention and understanding of our needs have ensured the most positive history of the relationship between our companies.
We hope that partnerships will only grow stronger over the years, and no obstacles will stand in the way of strengthening the relationship between our companies.
Sincerely…
Video - how to write the best thank you letter
- To whom can and should you write a letter of gratitude?
- How to write the text of a thank you letter.
- What is the use of a thank you letter.
Find a reason to write thank you letter It's almost always possible.
For example, a letter of gratitude for cooperation in the business community is considered a sign good manners, an element of respect for sponsors, partners, clients or investors.
It is also customary to monitor the achievements and excellent work of staff. A letter of gratitude addressed to an employee for a special contribution to the development of the industry, company, participation in an important project, completion of a special assignment, anniversary birthday or anniversary of work in the company would be appropriate here. There can be many options, and such attention is pleasant for any person - you show that you have not forgotten.
I know managers who personally write letters of gratitude to the parents of particularly distinguished specialists.
Thank you letter is after-sales service
Aleksey Ivanov, director of the creative agency with marketing thinking "MasterUm", Moscow
Writing a thank you note to a customer is a great part of after-sales service. In this case, the thank you letter should be written exactly – by hand. Such a gesture seems to say: the CEO is ready to find time for his clients. For example, dry cleaners can include such thank-you notes in the client’s clothes after washing.
To whom should I write a letter of gratitude and for what merits?
In a few words - for any action that a person has done in your favor. For absolutely any action. The more unexpected the thank you letter is, the better. There are no special restrictions here: it all depends on the specifics of the field of activity and your imagination.
Why are they so important
- Writing a thank you note is the morally right thing to do: you are showing personal respect.
- Competitive advantage.
- Motivation of the client (employee, partner), his readiness for new cooperation and work with your company.
3 examples of letters that should be sent to a client to thank them for their purchase
How to write a thank you letter
Typically, a thank you letter is written in free form. But nevertheless, it remains a business document, so you need to adhere to several rules.
Firstly, The thank you letter is written on company letterhead. The following sections of the letter should be provided:
- The header of the letter - indicating the specific enterprise or person to whom gratitude will be expressed.
- Addressing the person you are thanking.
- The text of the letter reflects the essence of the appeal.
- Information about the person who expresses his gratitude - full name, position, signature.
If you're handwriting a thank you note, choose a card that's sophisticated and simple. A reliable solution would be a white or cream-colored card with “Thank you” embossed on the front. Cards with messages on the back, overly decorated, cluttered and cutesy should be avoided.
Handwriting deserves special attention. If you are unsure about the clarity and quality of the handwriting, show a sample to the deputy. Try to practice a few times before writing. As a last resort, you can ask a person with calligraphic handwriting. But don't forget to sign the letter yourself.
If there is no recipient's mailing address, the only solution is to send an email. This option is also preferable if you communicated with a client or partner via e-mail. The only drawback is that there is a high probability of ignoring such letters. After all, managers receive many letters every day. To stand out from the rest, you still shouldn’t compose an overly luxurious email or send an e-card using a third-party site. After all, such mail will be perceived as advertising, which is why it may be ignored. You should write a simple, short, and timely email.
- How to choose the right gift for business partners and please them: 5 tips
Second. Contact the addressee. Employees in companies are traditionally addressed as “Dear...”. Such an address will emphasize a respectful attitude towards the interlocutor. Refuse to address yourself as “Dear” or “Mr. (Madam)” - such addresses look insincere and awkward, going beyond the official style. If you have a close relationship with the recipient, the expression “Dear” can be left.
The address “Dear, dear (name, patronymic)” will be appropriate for personal address. If you are writing gratitude to the team, it is better to use the address “Dear colleagues!” And in the text of the letter itself, specify which team you are thanking.
When sending a letter of gratitude to a partner company, an address to the manager is provided, and gratitude to the organization and team itself is noted in the text itself.
3. Indicate the initiator of the gratitude. Write who thanks whom. You can express gratitude on behalf of the company, yourself or the head of a structural unit. For example:
- “Karavan LLC thanks”;
- “Management of the company “ABC” ...”;
- “On behalf of the Rassvet LLC team and on my own behalf, I thank...”
It is necessary to take into account that on behalf of the entire company they express gratitude for the provision of goods, services or opportunities. When expressing gratitude to a team or an employee of an organization, it is preferable to address it on behalf of the manager:
- “We are sincerely grateful...”;
- "We thank …";
- “I express my gratitude to your team...”
An unconventional and solemn address can be: “I, as the head (director) of the Company, want to sincerely thank ....”
It is worth resorting to such wording in exceptional cases, when gratitude is expressed for a contribution that is significant for the entire company.
4. Indicate who you are thanking. You can send a letter of gratitude to the entire organization, its management, team or individual employee. Through personal gratitude, you will single out a person from the team for their professionalism, successes and achievements. Personalization in this situation involves addressing the addressee to:
- “On behalf of the entire Company, I want to thank you.”
- "Thank you".
If you are writing to partners and want to thank the entire team for services and opportunities, you should clarify to whom the gratitude is addressed:
- “We sincerely thank the team of your company”;
- “The ABC company thanks your company.”
When thanking the team, it will be useful to indicate the personalities (however, no more than five to seven people):
- "Dear Colleagues! I, as a manager, am very grateful to the team of the scientific and editorial department of our company, namely...”
In case of a large team There is no need to list everyone by name; you can indicate the leader of this team.
A practitioner tells
Alexey Dmitriev, Director of Corporate Development trading network Enter, Moscow
Every month, department heads select one or two employees who have demonstrated excellent results over the past period. This assessment is subjective. In particular, an employee who, on his own initiative, took on the responsibilities of a colleague who went on vacation can count on recognition from his manager.
To ensure that managers remember the need to nominate employees, they are sent letters with a link to the appropriate section of the corporate portal.
The reward for selected employees are medals “Number one in October”, “ Best employee September”, etc. The award ceremony is held in the conference hall in a solemn atmosphere. For each medal received, employees are awarded points within the “Olympiad” rating. Among other things, we send letters of gratitude to the parents of the “medal winners.”
5. State what you are giving thanks for. Gratitude is expressed for something. However, you shouldn’t be completely grateful for everything.
INCORRECT: “Dear...! The company team thanks you for everything you have done for us.” Here we see a template and general phrase without specifics. But specifics in a thank you letter are necessary.
What should you be grateful for? This largely depends on the reason for expressing gratitude. If you send a letter to an employee, you can express gratitude for their professionalism in solving problems, vigilance and perseverance. You can thank your partners for providing opportunities, support, equipment, services, a platform, etc.
CORRECT: “Dear...! The company’s team thanks you for your special contribution to the development of our partnerships and the provision of insurance services in the voluntary health insurance system for our employees.”
6. Detail and specify your gratitude. Stop at a moment that worked especially well. It is due to this that the letter becomes individual. The more individual this part of the letter is, the better: the recipient will feel his value as a person and personality.
7. Praise the recipient, but without flattery. This part is the most difficult to write. Here you should take into account the general wording of praise in relation to the recipient or his company. Example: “Your experience in account management is second to none.”
8. Leave wishes for the recipient for the future. A letter of gratitude is a letter with a positive message. Look into the future and wish a few warm words to your partner. "We wish you new original ideas, inspiration and inexhaustible optimism."
9. Express your hope for further cooperation. Extremely important element in a thank you letter. You express your interest in further cooperation. If the prospect of further cooperation is not indicated, such a letter will have the effect of saying goodbye. “We look forward to further fruitful cooperation with you.”
10. Correct and review the text of the letter. The thank you letter, depending on the specific circumstances, can be relatively simple and short - usually about half an A4 sheet of paper. When writing a long letter, you need to make sure that there is no unnecessary verbosity - except for the word “Thank you”, you need to indicate each point only once. Make sure your style is consistent throughout. You can involve 1-2 people to correct grammatical and lexical errors.
11. When you are confident in your letter text, send it immediately. The faster the letter is sent, the more effective and memorable it will be.
- Minto Method: step-by-step algorithm on how to write any texts
Rules for writing a thank you letter
- The entire text of the letter must fit on one sheet of paper so that the letter can be placed on the wall in beautiful frame. That is why you should take a responsible approach to choosing a form, avoiding tasteless decisions.
- Usually a letter of gratitude is drawn up from one manager to another. The letter indicates from which company the letter is sent, to which organization represented by the manager.
- A few words should indicate what gratitude is being expressed for. In your expressions, try to choose kind and warm words as much as possible. It will be very useful to indicate positive business qualities management and staff of the organization receiving the letter.
- At the end of the letter, express your sincere hope for future cooperation.
- The letter must be signed by the manager himself, affixing the seal of the enterprise.
- Before sending the letter, you should once again carefully check that the name of the organization or department, position of the addressee, etc. is correct.
- When writing several thank you notes, try to avoid monotony.
- If you cannot write such a letter yourself, you can use the services of professionals.
2 sample thank you letters
Dear Ivan Alexandrovich,
On behalf of the entire team, let me thank you for your trust and agreement to cooperate with our young company, which is taking its first steps in the market.
We owe much of our rapid development to your trust and support of your company.
We wish you and your organization success and prosperity!
Sincerely,
Andrey Alekseev
The Sputnik-Video LLC company sincerely thanks and expresses deep gratitude to Igor Nekrasov for the development, promotion and constant improvement of the website www...
His labor-intensive, responsible and painstaking work allowed us to expand our client base several times.
Competence, professionalism and prompt problem solving make cooperation effective and enjoyable. We wish Igor further success in his work!
Sincerely, General Director of Sputnik-Video LLC A.A. Kolesnikov
What a thank you letter definitely should not include
- Familiarity should be completely absent.
- Avoid mentioning mistakes that were made during your collaboration.
- Showing numbers is not always appropriate.
- Be sure to exclude spelling mistakes in a letter.
7 Qualities That Will Make Your Thank You Letter a Winner
- living language;
- personality;
- description of project details.
- caring for people and business interests;
- unique design - without the use of frames.
- exclusivity of the letter, abandoning templates;
- invitation to further cooperation.
Also, a letter of gratitude can be accompanied by a gift - in the form of a personal bonus or discount; business proposal; invitation - to social media, to attend an event or meeting.
New course at the “General Director School”
Letter No. 1
Let me express my sincere gratitude for your fruitful cooperation. Thanks to your efforts, our company has acquired new clients and expanded the range of its activities.
We sincerely hope that next year you will continue to remain on the list of our partners. In turn, we promise to reward you with high-quality and decent work that meets the needs of all our clients.
We wish you and your entire friendly team success in your professional career and prosperity!
Sincerely,
Petr Ivanov.
Letter No. 2
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
The administration of the Stroy-Master company sincerely thanks the Delo.ru team for the professionalism and decency shown during their joint work on the construction of the Grand Lux shopping center. We hope to maintain good partnerships in working on new projects.
Sincerely,
Petr Ivanov.
Letter No. 3
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
Our companies have been cooperating for five years, and during all this time there has not been a single case that would make us doubt your professionalism and integrity. We, as before, thank you for your services and partnership.
But, analyzing the results of work on our latest joint project - construction
Shopping center "Grand-Lux", we came to the conclusion that our company is obliged to express gratitude to your entire team, and in particular to the senior administrator Anna Nikonenko. It is thanks to her prompt decision that everyone organizational issues we were able to complete the project on time.
We sincerely hope to cooperate with you many times in the future!
Sincerely,
Petr Ivanov.
Letter No. 4
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
I, the General Director of Delo.ru LLC, together with my entire team, express my sincere gratitude to the Stroy Master company. Thanks to our joint efforts and a respectable approach to work, our joint project - the construction of the Grand Luxury shopping center - was completed successfully and became a worthy example of quality and professionalism.
We hope that we will collaborate with your team many times in the future.
Sincerely,
Petr Ivanov.
Letter No. 5
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
Delo.ru LLC is in a hurry to thank you for your cooperation. We are sincerely glad to have the opportunity to work with you on joint projects. We are especially grateful to you and your team for your decency, mutual assistance and serious attitude to work.
We will try to ensure that our partnerships remain mutually beneficial and fruitful in the future.
We sincerely wish you and each of your employees professional growth, financial stability and reliable partners.
Sincerely,
Petr Ivanov.
Letter No. 6
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
Individual entrepreneur Maxim Alekseevich Ivanov thanks Delo.ru LLC for its integrity, efficiency and professionalism in its work. During our cooperation, I was pleasantly surprised not only by the acceptable pricing policy and quality of your products, but also by the high communication culture of your staff.
I wish you new clients and rapid career development.
Sincerely,
Maxim Ivanov.
Letter No. 7
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
The Delo.ru company sincerely thanks the information publication Pravda for its cooperation. We would like to emphasize your high level professionalism, efficiency and objectivity in covering events.
We hope that in the future our cooperation will become even more fruitful and long-lasting.
Sincerely,
Petr Ivanov.
Letter No. 8
Dear Viktor Alexandrovich,
The staff of the information publication “Pravda” sincerely thanks the entire administrative and Teaching Staff Lyceum "Patriot" Thanks to your efforts, our team managed to organize the festival of youth creativity “Patriotic Autumn”.
We believe that this project marked the beginning of an annual tradition of holding patriotic events among children school age our region.
We wish you grateful students and success in educating young people.
Sincerely,
A thank you letter is considered a type of business document. It is drawn up at the favorable end of an enterprise, event, interaction, and so on. Also, a letter of gratitude can be sent before any special event. In the first case, it will be of an initiative nature, and in the second, it will serve as a response to an invitation or congratulations. Let's look further at how to compose the text of a thank you letter.
In what cases is such paper needed?
The reasons for drawing up this document may vary. So, for example, they often write a thank you letter kindergarten. This could be on the occasion of the team’s participation in some cultural event, competition, competition. It is not uncommon to write a thank you letter to the teacher. The time a child spends at school is special meaning for him. Of course, many parents strive to express their gratitude to teachers.
As a rule, the paper is compiled to graduation party, V Last year stay at school. Together with that teaching staff can write a letter of gratitude to the parent for his active participation in the life of the class or school. In business circles it is also customary to send such documents. This is considered a sign of good manners, a sign of respect for partners. The head of one enterprise can send a letter of gratitude for cooperation to the director of another organization. In addition, it is customary for companies to notice achievements and Good work specialists. In such cases, the manager can write a letter of gratitude to the employee, noting and encouraging his work.
Content Features
How to write a thank you letter correctly? First of all, pathos should be avoided. When writing a letter, there is no need to be hypocritical or exaggerate the actions of the addressee. It is also advisable not to use empty and loud phrases. Greatest value in in this case will represent sincerity, simplicity of presentation. For example, if a letter is being written to a teacher, then it should be noted that his activities have left good memory One can also say about him as a person that he contributed to the formation of the personality of his students.
The teacher will also be pleased to read about specific instructions that right moment helped to accept important decision. The letter should be thanked for the knowledge that the teacher gave, for his reverent attitude towards the students. At the same time, when expressing your thoughts, you should avoid arrogance - it will give a negative reaction. In the letter, it is important to make it clear to the teacher that only warm feelings and respect remain for him. 
Important point
It should be remembered that a thank you letter is always welcome. Not many people find the time to note the activities of this or that person or enterprise in this form. For example, an employee of an organization will be very pleased to receive a letter of gratitude for his contribution to the development of the company. This will indicate that the specialist’s activities did not go unnoticed and actually contributed to the achievement of some important results. In general, a thank you letter is not that long and voluminous in content. But even a few lines will give the addressee strength and make him happy.
Thank you letter: sample
Usually the presentation is carried out in any form. But at the same time, it is worth remembering that this is a business document. In this regard, certain standards should be observed when drawing up. The company may have its own form for such documents. For example, if the management of a preschool educational institution or school decided to send a letter of gratitude to the family of the pupil. In such cases, the form contains the details of the organization. The structure of the document should be:
- A cap. It should indicate the addressee. This can be an enterprise or a specific person to whom, in fact, gratitude is expressed. However, this item is considered optional.
- Appeal.
- Content. The essence of the letter should be reflected here.
- Information about the compiler.
Let's consider these points in more detail. 
Appeal
Enterprises traditionally use the wording “Dear...”. Such treatment indicates a respectful attitude towards the addressee. When composing a letter, it is not recommended to use the phrases “Dear” or “Madam (Mr.)”. If, for example, an employee is being encouraged, then such an appeal will look somewhat awkward and even insincere.
In the end, such wording does not correspond to the norms of official business style accepted today. First name and patronymic after the address “Dear” will be appropriate for personal gratitude. If the document is addressed to the team of the enterprise, then the phrase “Dear colleagues” is more suitable here. Further in the content it will be possible to clarify which team the appeal is addressed to. If the letter is sent to another company, it is addressed to the manager. The content expresses gratitude to the entire company or a specific team. 
Information about the compiler
It is more advisable to indicate who exactly expresses gratitude after the appeal. The initiator can be both the management of the enterprise and a structural unit. For example:
- "LLC (name) thanks...".
- "Management of the company (name)...".
- “Accounting of the company (name...”, etc.
In this case, it should be taken into account that on behalf of the enterprise they usually thank another organization as a whole for providing any opportunity, supplying a product or providing a service. If the document is sent to the team or employee own company, then you need to state the essence on behalf of the management:
- "We sincerely thank..."
- "We are grateful..."
- “On behalf of the entire enterprise I would like to express my gratitude...”
The following phrase will look very solemn and unconventional:
“As the director of the company, I would like to express my gratitude with all my heart...”
This option is used in exceptional cases. For example, if you should note a contribution that had great importance for the enterprise. 
Destination
You can thank one person, a team, a department, or an enterprise. Individual appreciation sets an employee apart from the entire staff. This is how management notes his professionalism, skills, abilities, and achievements for the benefit of the organization:
- "Thank you…".
- “On behalf of the entire company I would like to express my gratitude to you...”
If the letter is addressed to the manager with gratitude to the entire enterprise for services provided, goods supplied, and so on, then the content needs to clarify to whom exactly it is expressed:
- “Company (name) expresses gratitude to your organization...”
- “We sincerely want to thank the team of your company...”
If a manager addresses the team of his company, it would not be superfluous to list the employees:
“Dear colleagues! I, as a director, am sincerely grateful to the team of the accounting department of our enterprise, namely...”
If in structural unit there are many employees, it is not worth listing their names. Here it is better to contact the head of the department:
"Dear colleagues! I, as a director, express my deep gratitude to the accounting department under the leadership of...". 
What are they expressing gratitude for?
Always thank you for something. The message should not express gratitude “for everything.” In this case, there is nothing specific; it will be somewhat unclear to the addressee. A person should know what exactly he is grateful for. You can be grateful for various things. For example, if an appeal is sent to an employee, then one can note his professionalism, vigilance, and perseverance shown in some situations:
“We express our gratitude for your creative work, dedication to the company for 20 years, loyalty in work, and also want to note your high professionalism, dedication, leadership skills, which contributed to the achievement of significant successes and allowed the company to occupy leading place in the market among competitors."
Business partners can be expressed gratitude for timely support, provision of equipment, services, and so on:
"OJSC (name) sincerely thanks LLC (name) for the opportunity to participate in the exhibition dedicated to...”. 
Finally
It would not be superfluous to detail in the letter what specifically turned out well. It is this moment that gives individuality to the entire appeal. You should also remember that a thank you letter conveys positivity. Therefore, it is advisable to look into the future when addressing:
"We wish your enterprise prosperity."
Before the traditional conclusion, one should also express hope for continued cooperation. At the end of the address they usually write: “With respect (position, full name).”
A thank you letter is an opportunity to in writing express gratitude to a certain person for some merit. In this article we will look at how to write a thank you letter correctly. In addition, at the end of the article you can download some samples of letters of gratitude: to an employee, teacher, doctor, teacher, student, organization, for cooperation.
The letter of thanks is drawn up in free form. Can be drawn up on a regular sheet of paper or on the organization’s letterhead (if the letter of gratitude is written on behalf of the organization). You can also purchase a special printed form on which to write your text with words of appreciation and gratitude.
Most often, such letters are addressed to employees of various organizations. An organization can also send its partner a letter of gratitude for cooperation, for hosting an event, etc.
A letter of gratitude is one of the types of moral encouragement for an employee. An employee can also be rewarded with a certificate of honor based on.
How to write correctly?
This type of letter refers to business and informational. Despite the free writing style, you still need to remember to write a number of details to give the letter an official style.
First of all, it is mandatory to address the addressee - this can be a specific person or an organization as a whole. If the letter is addressed to a person, then it is reasonable to indicate his name and patronymic. Also, for politeness, you can add words such as “dear”, “respected”.
If a letter of gratitude is addressed to an organization, then, as a rule, an appeal is made to the head of this organization.
The letter of thanks must be signed by its originator.
As examples, we suggest downloading samples of writing a thank you letter for various occasions and situations.