Bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation with your own hands. How to calculate the consumption and correctly apply bitumen mastic for waterproofing foundations and concrete structures. Main types of bitumen mastics

For guard concrete structures a set of measures is carried out to protect against the destructive effects of moisture. One of the options is to block the access of water to the fittings concrete product is . It is often used for painting or coating foundations, as well as in everyday life for covering concrete floors and interfloor ceilings bathrooms and showers.

Despite the fact that concrete is a monolithic product of increased strength, it has small pores and microcracks. Through them, groundwater can seep into the internal frame made of steel reinforcement. It ensures the strength and stability of the entire concrete element against bending and tearing.

One can imagine that if over time the reinforcement rusts, then the multi-ton load of the building on the foundation will lead to the fact that the foundation block or supporting concrete pad will burst and sink into the ground. This will cause deformation of the entire house and cracks in the walls.

To prevent this from happening, all concrete structures that may come into contact with water must be isolated from it. For this purpose, one type of protection is used - bitumen. It will reliably plug all the pores and cracks in the concrete.

Materials for bitumen waterproofing

For painting or coating concrete elements The following materials are used:

• Solid bitumens BN-3, BN-4, BN-5
• Liquefied bitumens BN-3, BP-5, DH-1V
• bitumen-rubber mastics
• Mastic bitumen-polymer waterproofing

For coloring concrete structures solid bitumen is melted in a durable metal container (barrel or bucket). During the melting process, bitumen is dehydrated, which is extremely important when applying it to concrete surface.

It is important to know! Before carrying out coating concrete covering it must be dried thoroughly.

Otherwise, the moisture will boil upon contact with the hot resin and bubbles will form under the insulation layer. Peeling off the bitumen layer will not clog the pores and cracks of the concrete.

The melted bitumen coating is applied with a brush or wide brush. Hot bitumen is scooped into a metal ladle, a brush is dipped and the melt is applied in a top-down motion. Next strip thoroughly rubbed into the concrete surface with an overlap of at least 10-15 cm over the previous one.

Note! The cooling time of bitumen in the ladle from the liquid temperature of +160-170 degrees to the solidification temperature is about 1-2 minutes. This is the main disadvantage of working with hard bitumen.

Therefore, when performing hot painting, at least 2 people are required. The stoker maintains the fire and adds pieces of crushed bitumen to the container. The performer picks up a 20-25 kg bucket and coats it. Bitumen consumption per 1 m2 is 1.5-2 kg. The layer thickness must be at least 2 mm.

To check the thickness of the layer and clarify the bitumen consumption rate, it is necessary in an arbitrary place sharp knife cut a square segment measuring 2 x 2 cm. Its thickness is measured with a caliper. If necessary, waterproofing is applied twice.

Worth knowing! Bitumen becomes brittle and cracks when temperatures are below zero, so it is not recommended to use it in cold weather.

After processing the concrete foundation structures, it is necessary to backfill and compact the soil tightly. If metal pipelines were processed, they also need to be covered with a layer of thermal insulation.

Liquefied bitumen does not require constant heating. In this case, the finely chopped resin is filled with a solvent. Most often this is low-octane automotive gasoline. After thorough mixing, a mass similar to jelly is obtained.

Liquefied bitumen mastic for waterproofing is convenient to apply with a brush and brush and there is no need to worry about rapid hardening. This mastic polymerizes after 24 hours. outdoors. It is more resistant to frosty conditions, but mixtures with gasoline are flammable, and their vapors are explosive. This requires special safety measures from performers and the complete exclusion of smoking and open fire.

Application of bitumen and polymer mastics

Bitumen-polymer coating significantly surpasses bitumen and bitumen-liquefied coating in its characteristics. The polymers included in its composition have excellent adhesion and do not require thorough drying of the concrete surface. However, when using it, constant filtration of water and puddles on the surface is unacceptable.

Such mastics are easily used for low temperatures. They can also be diluted with gasoline, kerosene or white spirit. Galosh gasoline will also work, although solvents should be dosed sparingly so as not to turn the viscous mixture into broth.

Coating waterproofing bitumen mastic is applied with a brush to concrete and metal constructions. The interval between subsequent layers is 24 hours. Such mastics are excellent for waterproofing bathrooms, toilets and showers in apartments and private houses.

Bitumen mastic is an innovative construction material, which has high waterproofing and astringent properties. It contains minerals, bitumen and organic matter. Affordable price And good result provided her wide application in construction.

Substances used for dilution:

1. White Spirit;
2. Petrol;
3. Kerosene.

The proportions, which depend on the volume of mastic used, must be strictly observed. Otherwise, this will lead to slow drying of the solution and, as a result, to the loss of its protective qualities.

Methods for applying mastic.

There are two methods of applying mastic: cold and hot. Cold way, in turn, can be manual or mechanized. The first method is suitable if the object is small, and the second is used when the work area is large or hard-to-reach places need to be processed.

For the manual method, large paint brushes, flute brushes are ideal for this type of work. In addition, you can use a short-haired roller.
At mechanically The main tool is an airless sprayer with a pressure of 150 bar.

Bitumen mastic. Consumption per m2.

During installation and repair soft roofs Consumption rates will be different and depend on the type of mastic:

• BieM - 8 - 10 kg/m²;
• bitumen in briquettes - 4-6 kg/m²;
• bitumen-rubber - 2-5 kg/m²;
• bitumen-polymer - 2-5 kg/m²;
• hydroelastic - 3-5 kg/m².

To seal joints and seams:

• Germabutyl-2M - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/linear meter;
• BC Fix - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/linear meter;
• bitumen in briquettes - 0.5 - 1 kg/linear meter;
• hydroelastic - 0.3-0.5 1 kg/linear meter.

Protection of metal coatings from corrosion:

• bitumen-polymer - 0.5-1.5 kg/m²;
• bitumen-rubber - 0.5-1.5 kg/m²;
• bitumen in briquettes - 0.5-1.5 kg/m².

To waterproof the foundation, we take 2 - 4 kg/m².

How long does it take for mastic to dry?

The average drying time is 1 - 3 days and depends on the following factors:

• ambient temperature;
• air humidity level;
• thickness of the applied layer;
• exposure to direct sunlight;
• processed surface material.

This mastic is excellent option for treating your roof or foundation. Don't forget the importance of good waterproofing. And then your home will serve you for many years.

How to work with bitumen mastic. Video.

Coating waterproofing is one of the most common methods of foundation waterproofing, which is associated with the ease of application of mastics, the absence of seams, the possibility of using complex configurations on building elements and mechanized application (sprayed waterproofing).

The main disadvantage in using these materials is shrinkage, which can lead to rupture of the waterproofing. The mastic is applied from the water pressure side (on the clamp), and before backfilling, the coating waterproofing requires mandatory protection, which can be made in the form of protective walls, the use of flat drains (profiled membranes), thermal insulation (XPS), etc.

Coating waterproofing should be used mainly for protection against capillary (ground) moisture and soil water in draining and low-moisture soils, when groundwater is 1.5-2 m below the basement floor level. With hydrostatic head it can be used if the pressure does not exceed 2 m for waterproofing from bitumen mastic and 5 m for waterproofing from bitumen-polymer mastic.

Coating waterproofing made from pure liquefied bitumen is not recommended due to the insufficient durability of bitumen coatings.

Waterproofing thickness

Bitumen or bitumen-polymer mastic should be applied 2-4 layers. The total depends on the depth of the foundation (see table).

Due to the fact that they are applied in liquid state, compliance with the designed thickness of the waterproofing layer plays a decisive role. In this regard, control should include measurements of the thickness of the coating in wet and dry conditions. The wet film thickness is controlled with a comb or disk; the dry film thickness is measured with universal thickness gauges.

The disadvantage of mastic coating is that it is difficult to achieve a guaranteed thickness of the insulating film, especially with large slopes and uneven surfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to either carefully prepare the surface or increase the consumption of material. Both of these lead to higher coverage costs.

Consumption per 1 m2

Consumption of coating bitumen waterproofing in 2 layers - 2.0-2.5 kg/m2

Interlayer spacing

Each layer of bitumen mastic is applied only after completely dry or hardening of the previous one. If the next layer of mastic is applied after the previous one has not dried, this may lead to peeling or lack of necessary adhesion of the mastic coating to the base.

A waterproofing layer made of mastic is considered dry if its surface is not sticky when tested. The drying time of the mastic layer depends on the composition of the bitumen mastic, temperature and humidity, both the surrounding air and the base.

Waterproofing device (technology)

Preparing the base

• The base for coating waterproofing must be strong and continuous, with rounded corners and edges (radii 3-5 cm) or chamfered. In places of transitions from horizontal to vertical surfaces, fillets should be made to ensure a smooth connection of intersecting planes.
• Concrete surface with big amount shells from air bubbles in order to prevent the formation of bubbles that burst after 10-15 minutes in the freshly applied mastic layer, they are rubbed with fine-grained cement mortars from dry construction mixtures.
• Especially dangerous for mastic waterproofing are “scallops” with sharp and prickly protrusions that form at the joints of formwork sheets that must be removed.
• The surface of the base is cleaned of dust, dirt, and construction debris.
• The surface to be waterproofed must be dry.

Substrate moisture- the most important indicator of the readiness of the surface for the application of bitumen mastic. The presence of moisture leads to the formation of blisters or detachment of the mastic from the surface.

Permissible humidity surface area for bitumen (bitumen-polymer) mastic should be no more than 4%. Water-based mastics can be applied to damp (up to 8%), but not wet substrates.

The simplest test for moisture involves laying a 1x1 m polyethylene film on the prepared concrete surface. If condensation does not appear under it within 4-24 hours, then applying bitumen waterproofing Maybe.

Primer application

• To improve the adhesion (adhesion) of the mastic to the concrete surface, the prepared base is primed (with a ready-made bitumen primer).

The primer can also be prepared from bitumen (grades BN 70/30, BN 90/10, BNK 90/30) and a rapidly evaporating solvent (gasoline, nefras), diluted in the ratio
1:3-1:4, by weight or bitumen mastic with heat resistance above 80 ° C, diluted to the desired consistency.

• The type of primer (primer) must correspond to the mastic used.
• The primer composition should be applied over the entire surface in one layer, in places where the grout joins cement-sand mortar- in two layers.
• The bitumen primer is applied to the surface using a roller or brush. The base, which has dried after priming, is ready to begin installing coating waterproofing.

Applying mastic

• Bituminous mastic is applied to prepared surfaces on the humidifying side (water pressure side).
• The mastic is applied in layers with a roller, brush, spatula, or pouring. Each layer must be continuous, without breaks, of uniform thickness, with parallel stripes. The direction of applying bitumen mastic is from bottom to top.
• The next layer of mastic should be applied after the previous one has hardened and dried (there should be no traces of astringent on the attached tampon).

Waterproofing reinforcement

In places of abutments and interfaces where cracks may form, locations of cold seams, identified cracks in monolithic concrete and so on. defects coating waterproofing needs to be reinforced.

The fiberglass material is embedded in the first layer of mastic and rolled with a roller, which ensures a tight fit of the panel to the base without the formation of voids underneath. After the “bitumen mastic - reinforcing material” system has dried, a second layer of mastic is applied. Overlap of a strip of fiberglass or fiberglass on both sides of the axis problem area must be at least 100 mm.

The presence of reinforcing material in waterproofing coating leads to the distribution of tensile load over the entire insulation strip, reduces the elongation of the material at the crack opening, which ensures the preservation of its continuity, reliability and durability of the waterproofing.

Walls with coating waterproofing should be backfilled only with soft soil, protective covering(screeds, walls) are not required in this case.

Distinctive feature of the foundation belt type lies in its very name. It is a closed chain - a “tape” (reinforced concrete strip laid under load-bearing walls). Thanks to the use strip foundation resistance to the forces of soil heaving increases, while the risk of skewing or subsidence of the building is minimized.

Strip foundation - photo of a freshly poured structure

This type of foundation is constructed on dry or heaving soils. Moreover, the greater the weight future design, the deeper the foundation is laid (sometimes even up to 3 m, depending on the depth of soil freezing and the level of the groundwater).

These and other characteristics are regulated by GOST 13580-85 and SNiP 2.02.01.83.

GOST 13580-85. REINFORCED CONCRETE PLATES FOR STRIP FOUNDATIONS. Specifications. File for download

SNiP 2.02.01-83. FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. File for download

During construction, special attention is paid to waterproofing, since the strength, quality and durability of the structure will depend on it. In the absence of protection, groundwater and precipitation can significantly damage concrete, and the consequences can be the most tragic - from permanent dampness to subsidence and cracking of walls. For this reason, waterproofing a strip foundation with your own hands is one of the most critical stages.

Waterproofed foundation - photo

Below is the average soil freezing depth in different regions. If your region is not in the table, then you need to focus on the one that is closest to others.

Regardless of the chosen insulation method (we will talk about them a little later), you must adhere to a number of technical requirements in your work.

1. You should definitely take into account the groundwater level, because the type of insulation depends on it.
2. It is also necessary to take into account the conditions of future operation of the facility (if, for example, warehouse space, then the requirements for waterproofing will be more stringent).
3. It is also necessary to remember about the possibility of flooding during large floods or precipitation (this especially applies to loose soil).
4. The force of “swelling” of the soil during frost also plays an important role (during defrosting/freezing, the structure and volume of water changes, which can lead not only to the rise of the soil, but also to the destruction of the foundation).

Basic methods of water protection

Waterproofing can be of two types - vertical and horizontal. Let's consider each of the options.

Important information! When constructing the foundation, there is no need to save money and abandon the sand “cushion”. Sand is needed not only to prevent concrete leakage, but also to prevent washout of the structure.

It is carried out during the construction of the foundation, and additional time (15-17 days) may be required for preparatory activities. The main function of such insulation is to protect the base in the horizontal plane (mainly from capillary groundwater). An important component horizontal waterproofing is a drainage system that is installed when high level groundwater.

It is worth noting that under the “tape” there must be a fairly strong base, on top of which the waterproofing layer will be laid. Often, for this purpose, a “cushion” is cast that is slightly wider than that of the future foundation. In the absence of a need for high quality(for example, if the foundation is being built for a bathhouse), it is enough to prepare a screed of sand and cement in a 2:1 ratio. During the Soviet era, asphalt screed was made, but today this technology is practically not used.

The horizontal waterproofing procedure consists of several stages.

Stage 1. The bottom of the pit dug under the foundation is covered with a sand “cushion” about 20-30 cm thick (clay can be used instead of sand) and thoroughly compacted.

Stage 3. When the screed dries (this takes about 12-14 days), it is covered with bitumen mastic and a layer of roofing material is attached. Then the procedure is repeated: applying mastic - attaching roofing material. Another screed of the same thickness is poured on top of the second layer.

Stage 4. When the concrete hardens, the construction of the foundation itself begins, the surfaces of which are additionally covered with vertical types of waterproofing (they will be discussed later).

Important information! If the building is constructed from a log frame, then it is necessary to waterproof the top of the foundation, since the first crown will be installed there. Otherwise, the wood may rot.

Drainage

Drainage may be required in two cases:

• if soil permeability is low and water accumulates rather than being absorbed by it;
• if the depth of the foundation is lower than or corresponds to the depth of groundwater.

Algorithm of actions during arrangement drainage system should be next.

Stage 1. Along the perimeter of the structure - approximately 80-100 cm from the foundation - a small pit is dug, 25-30 cm wide. The depth should exceed the depth of pouring the base by 20-25 cm. It is important that the pit has a slight slope in the direction of the drainage basin, where water will accumulate.

Stage 2. The bottom is covered with geotextile, and the edges of the material must be folded onto the walls by at least 60 cm. After this, a 5-centimeter layer of gravel is poured.

Stage 3. A special drainage pipe is installed on top, maintaining a slope towards the catchment of 0.5 cm/1 linear. m.

Laying the pipe on geotextiles and backfilling with crushed stone

Thanks to this design, water will flow into drainage pipe, and it (the pipe) will not become clogged. The moisture will be drained into a drainage tank (this can be a well or a pit, and the dimensions depend on the influx of water and are determined individually).

Prices for a drainage well

drainage well

Vertical waterproofing

Vertical type insulation is the treatment of walls of a finished foundation. There are several ways to protect the foundation, which are possible both during the construction of the building and after construction.

Table. Strengths and weaknesses of the most popular waterproofing options

Inexpensive and simple, and therefore the most popular method of waterproofing the foundation. It involves complete treatment with bitumen mastic, which penetrates into all cracks and voids and prevents moisture from entering the house.

Important information! When choosing a particular bitumen mastic, pay attention to the markings - this will help you find out the heat resistance of the material. For example, mastic marked MBK-G-65 has a heat resistance (for five hours) of 65°C, and MBK-G-100 – 100°C, respectively.

Advantages of bitumen mastic:

• ease of use (can be done alone);
• affordable price;
• elasticity.

Flaws:

• low speed of work (requires application of several layers, which takes a lot of time);
• not the best water resistance (even high-quality application does not guarantee 100% protection);
• fragility (after 10 years you will have to re-treat the foundation).

The process of applying mastic itself is extremely simple and consists of several stages.

Stage 1. Surface preparation. Below are the basic requirements.

1. The surface of the foundation must be solid, with chamfered or rounded (ø40-50 mm) edges and corners. In places where the vertical and horizontal transitions, fillets are made - this way the joining surfaces will be joined more smoothly.
2. Sharp protrusions that appear where formwork elements meet are extremely dangerous for bitumen. These projections are removed.
3. Concrete areas covered with air bubbles are rubbed with fine-grained cement mortar dry based construction mixture. Otherwise, bubbles will appear in the freshly applied mastic, which will burst 10 minutes after application.

Also, dirt and dust should be removed from the surface and then dried thoroughly.

Important information! The humidity of the substrate is very important indicator and should not be higher than 4%. At a higher rate, the mastic will swell or begin to peel off.

Testing the base for moisture is quite simple: you need to lay a piece of PE film measuring 1x1 m on the concrete surface. And if after a day there is no condensation on the film, then you can safely proceed to further work.

Stage 2. In order to increase adhesion, the prepared base is primed with a bitumen primer.

You can go the other way and prepare a primer from bitumen yourself. To do this, bitumen grade BN70/30 must be diluted with a quickly evaporating solvent (for example, gasoline) in a ratio of 1:3.

One layer of primer is applied over the entire surface, and two at the junction points. This can be done with either a brush or a roller. After the primer has dried, the actual mastic is applied.

Stage 3. The bitumen block is broken into small pieces and melted in a bucket over a fire.

It is recommended not to add during heating a large number of"working off". Then liquid bitumen is applied in 3-4 layers. It is important that the material does not cool down in the container, because when heated again, it partially loses its properties.

The total thickness of the waterproofing layer depends on the depth of pouring the base (see table).

Table. Ratio of bitumen layer thickness to foundation depth

Stage 4. After drying, the bitumen should be protected, since it may be damaged when backfilled with soil containing debris. To do this, you can use rolled geotextiles or EPS insulation.

Prices for bitumen mastic

bitumen mastic

Video - Insulating the foundation with EPPS

Reinforcement

Bituminous insulation requires reinforcement for:

• cold seams;
• the junction of surfaces;
• cracks in concrete, etc.

Fiberglass and fiberglass fabrics are often used for reinforcement.

The fiberglass material must be buried in the first layer of bitumen and rolled using a roller - this will ensure a tighter connection. As soon as the mastic has dried, the next layer is applied. It is important that fiberglass material was laid with an overlap of 10 cm in both directions.

Reinforcement will ensure a more uniform distribution of the load over the entire insulating strip, minimize the elongation of bitumen in places where cracks have opened and, as a result, significantly extend the service life.

Prices for fiberglass

fiberglass

It can serve as both the main protection and a supplement to the applied bitumen mastic. Typically, roofing felt is used for this.

Among the advantages of the method are:

• low cost;
• availability;
• good service life (about 50 years).

As for the shortcomings, this can only include the fact that you cannot cope with the work alone. The algorithm of actions should be as follows.

Stage 1.

Unlike the previous method, there is no need to carefully apply the material, since mastic is needed solely for fastening roll waterproofing to the base.

Stage 2. Using a burner, the roofing material is slightly heated from below, after which it is applied to a layer of hot bitumen. Sheets of roofing felt are joined with an overlap of 10-15 cm, all joints are processed with a torch.

Stage 3. After attaching the roofing felt, you can fill the foundation, because... additional protection not required here.

Important information! Ruberoid can be replaced by more modern materials, which are fused to the base. These can be polymer films or canvases with bitumen-polymer coating (for example, Izoelast, Technoelast, etc.).

Prices for roofing material

roofing felt

Video - Waterproofing with roofing felt

This method is extremely simple to perform and is used for waterproofing and leveling the foundation surface. Here advantages of plaster waterproofing:

• simplicity;
• high speed;
• affordable cost of materials.

Flaws:

• low water resistance;
• short service life (about 15 years);
• possible appearance of cracks.

There is nothing complicated in the application process. First, using dowels, a putty mesh is attached to the foundation, then it is prepared plaster mixture with waterproof components. The mixture is applied to the foundation using a spatula. After the plaster has dried, the soil is filled in.

Essentially, it is a dispersion of polymer-modified bitumen particles in water. The composition is sprayed onto the base, providing high-quality waterproofing. Advantages this method are as follows:

• high quality waterproofing;
• no need for special skills;
• durability.

But there is also flaws:

• high cost of the composition;
• low speed of operation in the absence of a sprayer.

In addition, liquid rubber cannot be purchased everywhere. The same type of composition, which comes in two types, is quite suitable for the foundation.

1. Elastomix - applied in 1 layer, hardens for about 2 hours. After opening the package, it is not subject to further storage.
2. Elastopaz – more cheap option, however, it is already applied in 2 layers. Typically, Elastopaz can be stored even after opening the package.

Stage 1. The surface is cleaned of dirt and debris.

Stage 2. The foundation is coated with a special primer. Alternatively, you can use a mixture liquid rubber and water (ratio – 1:1).

Stage 3. After an hour, when the primer has dried, apply waterproofing material(one or two layers, depending on the type of composition). It is advisable to use a sprayer for this, but you can use a roller or brush instead.

Prices for liquid rubber

liquid rubber

Video - Treating the base with liquid rubber

Penetrating insulation

On the base, previously cleaned of dirt and slightly moistened with water, a special mixture (Penetron, Aquatro, etc.) is applied with a sprayer, penetrating into the structure approximately 150 mm. It is important that the solution is applied in two or three layers.

Basic advantages:

• effective protection;
• the ability to treat surfaces inside the building;
• ease of operation;
• long service life.

Flaws:

• low prevalence of such solutions;
• high price.

Making a clay castle

Simple, but at the same time effective method protect the base from moisture. First, a pit 0.5-0.6 m deep is dug around the foundation, then the bottom is filled with a 5-centimeter gravel or crushed stone “pillow”. After this, clay is poured in several stages (each layer is carefully compacted). The clay itself will serve as a buffer against moisture.

The only advantage of the method is its ease of implementation.

A clay castle is only suitable for wells and household objects. If we are talking, for example, about a residential building, then this method can only be used as an addition to the existing waterproofing.

This method of protecting the foundation appeared relatively recently and consists of the following: to the cleaned surface of the foundation using mounting gun or dowels, mats that are filled with clay are nailed. Laying the mats should be overlapped, approximately 12-15 cm. Sometimes, instead of mats, special clay concrete panels are used, then the joints in this case must be additionally processed.

Overlap - photo

In principle, screen insulation is an improved version of a clay castle, and therefore can only be used for utility buildings.

To sum it up. Which option should I choose?

The optimal option for waterproofing a strip foundation should include both horizontal and vertical waterproofing. If, for one reason or another, horizontal insulation was not laid during construction, then it is better to resort to bitumen mastic or special plaster. But, we repeat, this will be most effective only in combination with horizontal type protection.

When constructing a foundation, it is necessary to take care of its waterproofing. If you do not protect it from moisture, it will gradually deteriorate. As a result, the building will fall into disrepair. To ensure reliable performance, it is recommended to use bitumen. It is sold in construction stores in the form of mastic. Its consumption is very economical, while it will be possible to perfectly protect the foundation of the house from moisture for many years.

Before treating the foundation with a water repellent, you need to walk over the surface with an antiseptic.

The main advantages of bitumen mastic

Bitumen is widely used because such a waterproofing material has many advantages. The most important advantage is that the mastic is highly elastic. Thanks to this important characteristic the material provides reliable adhesion to the surface protected from moisture. As a result, after drying, the bitumen mastic does not crack. It remains intact for a very long time.

Another advantage is its low cost. Thanks to this, it will be possible to waterproof the foundation with minimal costs, which will reduce the cost of building a house as a whole.

The use of bitumen mastic provides the following results:

• suppression of the occurrence of corrosion centers;
• effective protection building structure from exposure to moisture;
• increasing the service life of building elements several times, while fully maintaining their functionality.

The mastic itself is a homogeneous mass composition. Its main components are modifiers, a solvent and a bitumen base, which is a by-product of oil distillation, remaining after the extraction of fuel oil, diesel fuel, kerosene and gasoline. In addition, the mastic may contain antiseptics and herbicides.

Bitumen is offered for wide range. Find suitable composition according to your requirements is easy.

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Technology for applying bitumen mastic

Bituminous mastic must be produced in several stages. It is necessary to strictly follow the technology, then the result will meet expectations.

Bituminous mastic is excellent for waterproofing foundations.

The following will be required for waterproofing work:

• Bulgarian;
• construction hair dryer;
• cement mortar;
• soft ground;
• primer;
• mastic;
• brush or roller;
• putty knife.

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Stage 1: surface preparation

You need to start waterproofing with bitumen mastic by preparing the base. You need to pay attention to its surface. If it is noticed that it has a large number of shells and bubbles, then it will need to be rubbed with fine-grained cement mortar, which is prepared from special dry mixtures. If this work is not done, then the freshly applied layer of mastic will begin to burst. As a result, the foundation waterproofing will become of poor quality and will need to be done again.

The presence of so-called scallops on the surface of the base, which have sharp protrusions, is also unacceptable. They will need to be removed. To do this, take a grinder with a suitable attachment and walk it along the base. At the same time, you will need to process the corners of the foundation. They should be cut as a chamfer or they can simply be slightly rounded (radius from 3 to 6 cm). Where there are transitions from a horizontal to a vertical surface, it will be necessary to arrange fillets; they will provide the required smoothness for pairing the elements.

To reduce the consumption of bitumen mastic, it is necessary to prime the foundation surface.

After carrying out such work, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the foundation from dirt, dust and construction debris. Then you need to take care of reducing the humidity of the waterproofed surface. This is where a hair dryer comes to the rescue. They will need to dry out the entire foundation. If this is not done, the mastic may swell and subsequently peel off completely.

To be sure that the foundation surface is sufficiently dry, you can perform a simple test. Should take plastic film(1x1 m) and place it on the prepared base, after which it must be left for 24 hours. If after this period condensation does not appear under it, then you can safely apply bitumen, but if it is present, you will need to dry the surface more thoroughly.

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Stage 2: applying primer and mastic

In order to reduce the consumption of bitumen mastic and ensure its best adhesion, it is necessary to prime the foundation surface. It must be done using a primer. It should be selected taking into account the purchased mastic in order to purchase the most suitable one. The primer must be applied evenly over the entire surface in one layer. During this process, you should use a brush or roller, the latter will ensure faster work. Once finished, you will need to leave the primer to dry for several hours.

Bitumen mastic should be applied to the foundation from the water pressure side; you can use a spatula for this.

The layers must be made continuous and of the same thickness; breaks are not allowed. It is necessary to apply mastic from bottom to top. Each subsequent layer can be created only after the first one has dried. It is very simple to determine whether the surface is ready for further coating: you just need to touch it; if it is sticky, you will need to wait some more time.

When the last layer has been applied, you should sprinkle the coating waterproofing with soft soil. This will increase its service life.