Do-it-yourself bathhouse made of timber 150x150. How to build a bathhouse from timber. How to build a timber box without problems

Following traditions and in order to save money, most owners of their own plots build bathhouses from high-quality, but inexpensive materials. For example - wood.

As a rule, such steam rooms are built from logs or timber.

Properties of lumber

The popularity of baths of this type is understandable.

Advantages

1. If a bathhouse is built from timber 100 by 100, or slightly thicker, it gives the walls absolute evenness with a small thickness. Consequently, your steam room will be more spacious and tidy.
2. It is easier to construct buildings from timber than from logs. For example, it does not need to be trimmed and adjusted by hand.
3. Timber log houses shrink minimally.
4. Construction will be easy. Therefore, there is no need to build an expensive foundation.

1. Buildings made from such timber look aesthetically pleasing.
2. Low price when compared with stone-like materials.
3. The timber is environmentally friendly and makes it possible to create correct microclimate in any building.

Features of timber and its use

The ease of installation of the log house is ensured by the specific properties of the timber.

1. Its raw materials are logs. They are hewn on all four sides.
2. This lumber is impregnated with antiseptic compounds. They increase the service life of the log frame.
3. Manufacturers produce a special type of timber - laminated veneer lumber. This is the most expensive and quality variety material for quick construction.
4. Typically, timber harvesting for timber is carried out in cold period year - from December to March. Such raw materials are of higher quality than summer ones.

Note!
After the wood is harvested, it should be aged for about 40/45 days.
The trunks are freed from the bark, about 10 cm is left at their ends.
The material is stored in stacks.
The gaps between the trunks should be 5 cm, between their rows 10 cm, the height of the stacks from the ground level should be 20 cm.

How to choose a project

A standard bathhouse made of 10 by 10 timber or a slightly thicker material can be equipped according to a standard design.

1. Typically, they involve the construction of three main rooms: a washing room and a steam room.
2. The structure, at your choice, can be built on one or two floors, or the latter can be replaced with an attic. In addition/, the building can be supplemented with a balcony, veranda, terrace.
3. To facilitate wooden building, the instructions advise ground floor Construct entirely from timber, and make the attic or second tier frame.

Construction of a log house

First, the construction of walls is carried out.

Types of base

When constructing a light bathhouse from 100 by 100 mm timber, two types of bases are optimal.

1. Columnar bases. Brick, stone, concrete, wooden supports are placed along the perimeter of the steam room, its corners and at intersection points. The step between the pillars should be about 1.5 m.
   To increase strength, the supports need to be reinforced and protected with waterproofing between the base of the foundation and the first cobblestone crown. In this case, you can use liquid bitumen mastic or roofing felt.
2. Laying a strip base consists of digging a trench, constructing formwork of the required width and filling it with concrete. Optimally, the height of the ground part of such a foundation is 30/50 cm. Such a foundation also requires reinforcement and waterproofing of the walls.

Wall assembly

1. The first crown (row) of beams is the basis of the entire log house. The durability and quality of the entire building depends on the literacy and accuracy of its installation.
2. Having laid the first row, you can begin the actual construction wooden walls. First, the beams are adjusted to their length. Then grooves are cut out on their opposite sides to connect the elements at the corners of the frame.

Note!
It is undesirable to use metal nails and screws when fastening beams.
It is best to replace them with wooden dowels (wedges). They are driven into pre-made holes.

1. The connection goes like this. The upper beam is drilled completely, the lower beam is drilled halfway. Next, the upper beam is removed and dowels are driven into the holes until they stop. , then the beam is installed back.
2. It is advisable to use it as a heat insulator natural materials– moss, flax, jute. They need to caulk the walls from the inside and outside.

Preparing the log house for the shrinkage period

The inevitable shrinkage of walls is influenced by such factors.

1. Type of timber used and its dimensions. Profiled analogs shrink by 2.5/6 cm. Glued material shrinks by 2 cm or less.
2. Total area of ​​the building. A two-story steam room or one with an attic will settle more than a one-story building.
3. Type of lumber and its moisture level. The larger it is, the more significant the shrinkage.
4. Steam room location. Everything matters here: whether it is built in the shade, in the sun, on a flat area or with uneven terrain.

Taking into account all these points, a bathhouse made of 100x100 timber should be built with your own hands, including them in the project.

For example: keeping shrinkage in mind, you need to fix the rafter system only in some places. So, it will shrink in proportion to the corresponding process in load-bearing walls Oh.

Here's how to prepare a log house for shrinkage: The top of the crowns are covered with boards having a thickness of 4 centimeters. Slate is mounted on top. When about six months have passed, you can begin facing work.

Conclusion

Thin timber has many advantages when building a steam room. However, we must not forget that it must be protected from external and internal influences. If you watch the video provided to you in this article, you will learn a lot of useful information on the topic we have discussed.

Bathhouses can be seen on almost every suburban area. Buildings made of timber are popular and can be called both traditional and modern. Let's consider phased construction do-it-yourself bathhouses made of timber.

Stages of building a bathhouse from timber

. Laying the foundation

Any building requires a foundation, otherwise it will quickly collapse due to uneven ground vibrations. There are many options for arranging such a foundation, but in this case the most convenient would be columnar. A timber bathhouse is lightweight, so it does not require an expensive, powerful foundation.

do-it-yourself bathhouse made of timber. Schemes and drawings

For arranging a columnar foundation, they are used concrete blocks with dimensions 90x60x30 cm. The construction site for a timber bath is marked, the places where the main load will fall are identified, and it is there that they are installed foundation blocks. They are placed under corners and walls, as well as in the place where the stove will be installed. The blocks need to be immersed in the ground seventy centimeters. The optimal immersion depth is such that the bottom side of the block reaches the level of non-freezing soil.

With a bathhouse size of 3x5 meters, eight pieces of concrete blocks will be required. The specified size of the building is best suited for a log bathhouse in the country, because it matches the dimensions of the available material.

For foundation blocks, it is necessary to dig holes in a pre-marked area. Concrete blocks are lowered into them and leveled so that they are all on the same level. The surface of the foundation is covered with waterproofing material. Roofing felt is the most commonly used material.

. Walling

Let's consider further how to make a bathhouse from timber with your own hands. After laying the foundation, it’s time to build the walls. Before following the instructions for building a bathhouse, you need to make detailed blueprints future construction and construction scheme. All this is necessary to calculate the amount of materials and set a time frame.

To build a bathhouse of the specified size, it takes approximately five cubic meters timber with a section of 15x15 centimeters. The timber is laid alternately, connecting subsequent rows with the previous ones using dowels. To do this, holes are drilled in the material into which wooden or metal parts are installed. It is easier to work with metal ones, but they reduce the service life of the bath.

When building a bathhouse from timber with your own hands, you should pay attention to the fact that there are gaps between the crowns. Fill them out oakum or other sealing material. First, a layer of tow is laid, and timber is placed on it. When the walls are erected, all protruding edges of the sealant are driven into the seams.

how to make a sauna from timber with your own hands

. Roof construction

When building a bathhouse from timber with your own hands, they try to choose the structures that are easiest to arrange. This is gable roof which is covered with slate.

First going rafter system made of timber with a section of 12x5 cm. For laying slate Cross boards are attached to the rafters. It is on them that they are attached slate sheets. This roof option is the most budget-friendly.

do-it-yourself bathhouse made of timber. Step by step photos

. Sewerage installation

It’s hard to imagine operating a bathhouse without sewer. To equip it, a pipe is laid. In the bathhouse, it should approach the place where the drain will be located, and its other end should be directed to the septic tank. A septic tank is being installed nearby. It might be enough deep hole, the walls of which are lined with moisture-resistant materials. The pipe should be deepened into the ground to provide a slope for natural outflow and to protect it from freezing in winter.

. Interior decoration

In the process of building a bathhouse from timber, it is necessary to pay attention to the interior decoration. For heating you can choose oven Compact 12B. It has a water tank. Since such a stove has significant weight, it must be placed on a foundation. It can be block or cast. A brick wall is laid around the door.

how to build a sauna from timber with your own hands. Step-by-step instruction

The walls and ceilings of the premises are sheathed with heat-insulating and waterproofing materials, for example, Penotherm. Then they are closed wood cladding from hardwood boards.

A wall made of concrete blocks is installed between the dressing room and the washing room. The floor in the washing room is multi-layered. First, a layer of expanded clay is poured, which additionally insulates. A screed is placed on it. Then another layer of expanded clay and another screed are laid, but with a slope towards the drain. A pipe is installed there in advance, which is then covered with a grill. The floor is covered with boards. Larch would be preferable.

Further instructions for building a bathhouse include laying the floor in the dressing room. The soil is covered with roofing felt, on which sleepers or timber impregnated with antiseptics are placed. Another layer of roofing felt and floor boards are placed on top.

The pipe is discharged through a special opening. It is covered with two galvanized sheets, between which a sheet of asbestos is laid. In the attic, a sleeve is put on the pipe, into which expanded clay is poured.

Expanded clay is also poured onto the ceiling from the attic side. It protects against heat loss from above.

This completes the description of how to make a bathhouse from timber with your own hands.

Timber bath projects

Before building a bathhouse from timber at the dacha, you need to choose the most optimal project. Let's consider several options for such buildings.

Bathhouse with dimensions of three by four meters. Inside there are locker rooms, a steam room and a washing room. The optimal arrangement of components allows for maximum use of such small space. The bathhouse has two windows giving daylight.

project of a bathhouse made of 3 by 4 timber. Photo

Project of a bathhouse made of timber with dimensions of four by four meters. Inside there is a fairly spacious dressing room with an area of ​​6.6 square meters. The area of ​​the steam room is a little over four square meters, and the washing room is very small - its area is 2.4 square meters. meters.

project of a bathhouse made of 4 by 4 timber

One-story timber bath with dimensions 5x4 meters. The steam room was given to about five square meters area, the shower area is about three square meters. The main space is given over to the locker room, where you can create a relaxation area.

project of a bathhouse made of 5 by 4 timber

A bathhouse made of timber with dimensions of 5x5 meters is quite spacious. It has space allocated for a vestibule so that cold air did not enter the recreation area. About half of the space is allocated for a shower and steam room. The rest of the room is equipped with a rest room.

project of a bathhouse made of 5 by 5 timber

A 5x6 m timber bathhouse with a spacious relaxation room with an area of ​​almost twelve square meters. The vestibule is large enough to store fuel or other related items. Windows provide natural light and are absent only in the steam room.

To build a bathhouse you can use different kinds building material. The most widespread is construction using the most ancient technology - from wood. You can build a bathhouse from logs, or from timber.

How to build a proper sauna from timber with your own hands

The timber fits perfectly in rows, looks beautiful, practically does not shrink, and holds heat very well. Walls made of timber are easier to build than walls made of logs. They can be installed directly on a finished foundation, unlike logs, which are first adjusted on the ground and then transferred to the foundation and walls are built from them.

This type construction is the most cost-effective. Almost anyone with experience working with power tools and a little desire can build a sauna from timber with their own hands.

I don’t want to describe the disadvantages or advantages of building from certain materials. Each material has its pros and cons. Let's take a closer look at how to build a bathhouse from timber.

Technology for building a bathhouse from timber. Selection of material

To build a bathhouse from timber with your own hands, you will need profiled timber.

When laying the first few crowns (the crown is considered to be a completed row of timber around the perimeter), it is best to use larch timber, due to the fact that it rots less in a humid environment.

For subsequent crowns, starting from 2-3, you can take coniferous wood (cedar, spruce, pine), since they are warmer and have water-repellent properties due to the presence of resins.

The optimal size of timber for the outer box is considered to be 150x150 mm, and optimal size internal partitions– 150x100 mm.

As an antiseptic, the old ancestral method is still considered the best. According to it, each beam is carefully processed with motor oil, and the very first crown (frame) should be processed from all sides, and all subsequent ones are processed from three internal sides.

Preparing the construction of a bathhouse

According to experts, it is recommended to make the foundation for a bathhouse in the following most common ways:

1. Strip foundation - concrete is poured around the perimeter of the building to the freezing depth, or to a depth of 55-70 cm, the soil around it is then additionally insulated.
2. Columnar foundation - pillars are placed in the corners and along the perimeter, at a distance of approximately 1.5-2 m from each other. It is usually made of brick, and a concrete “pillow” is poured under each pillar.

In both cases, the waterproofing between the first crown and the foundation is made of two layers of waterproofing material, for example, roofing felt.

The height of the part of the foundation that protrudes above the blind area should not be less than 150 mm, and the width should be 100 mm greater than the thickness of the beam.

When pouring the foundation, we remember about the “mortgages” made of reinforcement, so that we can then fasten it with the first crown (frame).

Crown seals

Sometimes “dashing craftsmen” advise using polyurethane foam as a sealant. I would like to note, firstly, this will cost a considerable amount of money. Secondly, polyurethane foam quickly turns yellow and collapses from external influences ultraviolet rays and internal exposure to moisture.
Foam is used following a certain technology when laying slats, but this is time-consuming and cumbersome, so it is safer to purchase conventional seals for the log house.

Available for sale a large assortment various insulation materials For wooden buildings. The easiest way to use is jute (tape insulation). It is rolled out along the entire length of the beam and fastened with small nails or a construction stapler.

Walls

Let's start assembling the construction set from timber. It is important to remember that when assembling walls from timber, making a tight fit is unacceptable. When the tree dries, it will shrink in thickness, but the length will always remain the same. The space must be loosely filled with insulation.

The number and length of timber for each wall is determined based on the floor plan of the bathhouse, taking into account overlaps at corners and cuts for installation interior walls. We prepare a template along the length from a board or slats using an electric saw; using the template we prepare a beam for 2-3 crowns. We will mark up the template in a way that is convenient and understandable to us.

The beams are fastened to each other according to the following scheme:

• laying down new timber and we customize it according to location;
• drill holes in increments of 1.25-1.50 m, drilling again laid beam and half the underlying one;
• we remove the new beam, and drive a wooden dowel (dowel) into the hole in the lower one, the length of which is equal to two heights of the beam;
• we lay insulation along the length;
• We put the beam in place, check the horizontal position, align the holes and dowels and hammer it into place until it fits tightly.

Door blocks we will place it on the row of strapping, which is located in washing department above floor level, and window unit at the level we require. We always place the blocks plumb and then fasten them. Above the window boxes and doors you need to leave a gap of about 80 mm for shrinkage, then it needs to be filled with insulation.

Preparing the structure for the shrinkage period is the last step in the question of how to build a bathhouse from timber with your own hands. It lasts from 6 months or more. Upon completion of this period, you can begin Finishing work inside the building and arrangement of the bathhouse.

P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video: Construction of a bathhouse from timber

Building a bathhouse from timber is one of the best options. And in terms of efficiency health treatments, and the ability to do all the work on constructing the building yourself. It’s worth noting that it won’t cost less than 450,000 rubles, and even then, with quite modest in size premises.

There is no point in dwelling on such issues as the advantages (although there are certain disadvantages) of baths, the rules for selecting and warehousing (storing) products, and similar aspects of the entire construction process. If you decide to build a bathhouse from timber with your own hands, then it is natural that the owner is already familiar with all such nuances.

However, it would not be superfluous to recall certain points:

• timber natural humidity must be used immediately. If the material is left “for later”, then in the process of shrinking the workpiece it can simply “fail”, since it will create optimal conditions It is quite difficult to ensure uniform drying of products (throughout the entire depth of the structure) at home. In addition, you need to know all the intricacies of this technology, and among individual developers there are not so many professionals, and their capabilities are limited.

• Recommended: for external and load-bearing walls – 15 x 15, for partitions – 10 x 15 (cm). Such sections are optimal combination requirements for strength and thermal conductivity of all structural elements baths

• After purchasing the material, it is necessary to sort it. In any party, even the most quality products There will always be several samples with at least small defects. This does not mean that they are completely unsuitable for installation. Such timber should be set aside separately and laid only when constructing internal walls. But it’s better not to use it for external ones.

The procedure for building a bathhouse

Each owner himself, based on financial capabilities, will determine both the architecture and internal layout baths and view finishing materials. Therefore, we will focus only on the main stages of construction.

Foundation construction

Nuances

• It is necessary to place so-called “mortgages”. These are metal, vertically located pins. It is on them that the bars will be “landed” lower crown baths to prevent their horizontal displacement.
• The formwork is installed in such a way that the upper section of the foundation rises above the ground by at least 15–20 cm.
• A separate, “own” base is installed under the stove in the bathhouse. The best option considering her small sizes and significant weight - the foundation is columnar. The easiest way is to bury pipes (asbestos-cement, plastic), install metal pins in them (for reinforcement) and fill the cavities with solution.

Horizontal waterproofing

It is necessary to exclude direct contact of wood with concrete, otherwise penetration of moisture into it (from below) cannot be avoided. To do this, the upper part of the tape is covered with mastic (bitumen-based), onto which it is glued waterproofing material(for example, thick polyethylene film, roofing felt). It is desirable that there be at least 2 such layers.

Sometimes additional “stands” are placed under the beams of the 1st row - slats located across the tape.

Construction of a log house

To connect the beams they are used various ways. But for a bathhouse, taking into account the specifics of this structure (excessive humidity), it is advisable to make all joints “butt-joint”. What does it mean? The products are adjacent to each other with end parts, and are fastened metal plates or staples.

Why is this better? This technique will allow, if necessary, to quickly and “painlessly” replace rotted timber without partially dismantling the bathhouse frame. If the reader does not agree with this formulation of the question, then there is more than enough information about other ways to assemble information on the Internet. But they require some experience and more time!

Nuances

• After installing the lower crown, you must ensure that its geometry is correct. To do this, it is enough to measure the diagonals and compare the values. At this stage of work, it will still be possible to correct something.
• Inter-crown insulation material is laid between the rows of beams - jute tape, felt or something else, at the discretion of the owner. The figure shows the most cheap option– thermal insulation with moss.

• It is advisable to mark openings (doors, windows) immediately, rather than cut them out later. But the boxes are installed only after the wood has completely dried.

Roof

There may be several options. But General requirements To top floor baths are like this (considering that warm air tends upward):

• high-quality thermal insulation;
• sufficient vapor permeability;
• reliable waterproofing.

Internal lining

Additional events

• After the wood shrinks, all the cracks will definitely be caulked (and they will be). If the gaps are quite large (for example, in places where door blocks are installed), then polyurethane foam is used.
• Connection to engineering communications(water supply, sewerage, electricity supply).

• Regardless of what type of wood the timber is purchased from, it is recommended to use larch for the construction of the lower crown. This wood is characterized by the fact that during operation, even partially absorbing moisture, it only becomes stronger.
• To reduce the cost of building a bathhouse when constructing the 3rd and subsequent rows, it is advisable to use material from coniferous species(pine or spruce).
• It is mandatory that each workpiece must be treated with special means (fire retardants and antiseptics), even before installation begins.
• There is a special sealant available for sale (“”, for wood). A bucket costs approximately 4,100 – 4,300 rubles. For caulking baths this is the most the best option, which does not require much time and practical experience.

Nowadays it is very difficult to imagine a well-maintained Vacation home without the classic Russian bathhouse, which is the favorite vacation spot for the whole family. It should be noted that wood, which is considered an environmentally friendly and easy to process material, is most often used to construct such a bathhouse.

Ground work for the arrangement of the foundation begins with marking the site. Next, in accordance with the applied markings, a trench is dug with a depth of about 70 cm and a width slightly larger (about 10 cm) than the cross-section of the timber used to assemble the frame. The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of sand, which is then carefully compacted using a special tamping device.

Before pouring concrete mixture Formwork is constructed from boards or ready-made panels, for which you will need special spacers to securely fasten it. After pouring and completely dry concrete mixture, the finished foundation is covered with a layer of roofing material used as waterproofing, after which it will be possible to begin the direct assembly of the log house itself.

Preparation of the log house

1. After laying the first crown (trimming), floor joists from timber are installed in it using the cutting method, onto which the subfloor will subsequently be laid.
2. The beams are fastened using the method of joining them using a blind “tenon-to-groove” connection. And for reliable fastening of adjacent crowns together, they are used wooden dowels, hammered into mating beams.
3. Special jute fibers are most often used as a sealing material laid between the crowns of the log house.
4. Upon completion of the assembly of the log house, it will be possible to begin the manufacture of internal partitions, cut into the crowns of the log house in pre-marked places.

Construction of the roof

Once the construction of the bathhouse frame is completed, it will be possible to begin arranging its roof. Note that in buildings of the type we are considering, gable roof structures are most often used, which prevent the accumulation of snow on them. Their installation includes the following operations:

• on last crown In the log house, mortise-sockets are made for attaching rafter legs;
• Counter-lattice slats are attached to the rafters from below, along which the attic ceiling is subsequently sewn;
• in the niches formed by the rafters, it is first laid polyethylene film, performing the function of a vapor barrier, and then the plates of the insulating material you have chosen are laid;
• a special under-roofing film is laid on top of the insulation with a small gap, used as waterproofing;
• on final stage formation " roofing pie» a sheathing is sewn onto the rafters, serving as the basis for laying the covering.

The attic ceiling is most often covered with clapboard or plasterboard.

The interior decoration of a bathhouse boils down, as a rule, to insulation and decoration of the walls and ceilings of its premises, ensuring comfortable conditions for taking bath procedures.

As decorative material For finishing the steam room and washing room, it is best to use larch, which is characterized by the presence of resin secretions and high resistance to humidity. In addition, larch retains heat well, but does not heat up to a point that can cause skin burns.

The stacked floor in the washing compartment and in the steam room can be made from edged boards, laid with small gaps through which waste water will be removed from the room. Additional convenience such a floor is the possibility of disassembling it and drying the floorboards upon completion of the bath procedures.