Asphalt - what is it? What are they made of? Advice from experienced builders on how to make high-quality asphalt with your own hands. Do-it-yourself asphalt composition How to make cold asphalt at home

Asphalt roads, courtyards and paths surround us almost everywhere. And all because this material is quite functional and convenient to use. Therefore, if you decide to lay asphalt in your dacha yard or repair the roadway near your home yourself. First familiarize yourself with the technology of its installation.

Stage one. excavation work

The first thing we pay attention to. area that will be prepared for laying asphalt. Do not forget about underground communications, vegetation with root systems and drainage systems. Large roots must be removed, otherwise they will lift the asphalt surface, damaging its integrity. In the place where you need to lay asphalt, remove upper layer soil. In a small area, you can deal with it using improvised means, making a excavation with a shovel. But paving a large span of road surface requires the use of special equipment. bulldozers, excavators.
The thickness of the removed layer may vary. It all depends on the purpose of the asphalted area. If it's a pedestrian path. The depth of the excavation can vary from 10 to 30 centimeters. If this is a carriageway. It is advisable to dig deeper, counting on the passage of trucks. Excess soil must be removed so that it does not wash onto the driveway during rain, does not interfere with transport, and does not clog the drainage system.
It is necessary to provide for installation drainage system. The water that appears during precipitation should not wash away the asphalt. We compact the prepared area of ​​land using a roller.

Stage two. preparing the base for laying asphalt concrete

The basic base of the asphalt pavement must be reliable. Therefore, we stock up on sand, crushed stone, gravel (not a rigid base for paving the site) or concrete slabs.
When calculating how much it costs to paving 1 m2, take into account the consumption of the above building materials. For example, when using crushed stone of fraction 40-70, a layer 15-20 centimeters thick will need to be poured onto the access road. For a pedestrian path - 5-10 centimeters. The building material must be evenly distributed and compacted well. Next, you should prepare finer crushed stone (fraction 20-40 is quite suitable) and fine screenings. Distribute layers 10 centimeters thick evenly one after another. Pour out sand (the thickness of the flooring is 10 centimeters). Sandy flooring must be watered and compacted by hand or with a roller.

Compare how much it costs to asphalt a road and choose a company to cooperate with. You can use a search engine that has collected a large database of construction companies.

Interesting to know!

By using fines on top, you will extend the life of your asphalt pavement by decades.
When the base is ready, you need to install the border. It plays both a decorative and functional role.

Third stage. laying asphalt pavement

This step requires preparation. asphalt concrete mixture manually or purchasing it at the factory. Note in advance, prepare high quality asphalt at home it is extremely difficult. That's why the best way out. purchase required quantity bitumen mixture at an asphalt plant or the nearest Avtodor.

The advantages of purchasing factory-made asphalt are obvious:

• Firstly, the consumer receives a high-quality final product, saving time on the production process.
• Secondly, when ordering in bulk, a discount is possible and free shipping directly to the object.

If you decide to install the asphalt pavement yourself, it is worth remembering. The bitumen mixture is laid at a temperature not lower than 5 C in dry weather. Otherwise, the asphalt will lose its quality and it will be impossible to level it well and compact it. Distinguish hot asphalt and cold asphalt. Thus, hot bitumen mixture must be laid immediately after delivery to the site. The faster, the stronger the road surface will be. Cold bitumen mixture is universal, as it can be installed in any season.

Fourth stage. asphalt compaction

Timely compaction of asphalt pavement. guarantee of its long-term functionality. If the procedure is performed independently, it is necessary to have a vibrating plate, a two-drum manual roller or a light vibrating roller. If the asphalt mixture has cooled down a little, it is necessary to make several passes with the roller for greater adhesion to the surface and good strength. So that the mixture does not stick to the equipment. Pre-moisten the roller with water.

How much does it cost to lay asphalt?

The budget for laying asphalt pavement is different in each case. Consult with the manager of the company where you started cooperation. He will calculate, absolutely free of charge, how much asphalt paving costs. Will send a team of craftsmen who specialize in asphalt laying technology and paving slabs. For experienced craftsmen, laying paving slabs on asphalt is a common task, which they will do with the highest quality and efficiency.

Historians claim that the first mention of something similar to asphalt concrete appeared in the 6th century BC in Babylon. But the technologies of those times were not reliable, plus they were unnecessarily expensive, and as a result, such roads were forgotten until the twentieth century. The construction of asphalt concrete pavements in Russia began in 1928 and to this day it is predominant.

Photo of laying a country road.

What it is

This composition is used everywhere, from laying federal highways to arranging city squares and garden paths in private construction.

According to GOST and SNiP, the design of asphalt concrete pavement can be different.

But the general composition of the mixture has remained unchanged for more than 100 years:

• First of all, bitumen is included as a binder..
• Sand and large mineral fillers must be present to one degree or another..
• The list is completed by various mineral or synthetic additives.

At the time when the composition was developed, natural bitumen was used, but since there is little of it in nature, an artificial analogue was synthesized based on petroleum products, which is still successfully used by road workers around the world.

Quarry sand is taken, as for coarse filler, along with various types of crushed stone for concrete, crushed rocks and some crystallized slag are widely used.

Natural mineral or synthetic additives are used to increase certain useful properties coverings. In particular, frost resistance, road adhesion level, viscosity coefficient and much more increase.

Bitumen resin.

What formulations are produced

The range of species presented is quite wide, depending on percentage components, as well as what additives were used, experts divide asphalt into the following varieties.

Fine-grained asphalt.

1. For arranging sidewalks, garden paths or internal space city ​​courtyards, sand compounds are used.
2. Fine-grained compounds cover city streets with medium and high traffic intensity.
3. Coarse-grained asphalt is used as a base layer in multi-layer laying technology.
4. Polymer-bitumen coatings are used for the installation of bridges, large parking lots or road junctions. They have increased strength and durability.
5. Crushed stone-mastic types of asphalt are considered the strongest; they are used to lay federal highways and expressways with increased traffic load.
6. For stadiums, jogging or cycling tracks, as well as other sports facilities, there is a rubber-bitumen coating.

Cover cut.

Making asphalt at home

The production of road surfaces is considered to be difficult and inaccessible. But, nevertheless, there are enthusiasts who are ready to experiment. Of course, such compounds are not designed for federal highways, but at the dacha it is quite possible to prepare such asphalt with your own hands.

Advice: from experience we can say that the mixture prepared in a makeshift way, of course, is suitable for arranging a garden concrete path, but more often it is used to repair potholes on an already finished surface.

Laying temperature of the composition.

Classic recipe

For preparation, we will need ordinary river or quarry sand, bitumen resin or bitumen and fine crushed stone. Equipment you will need is a metal barrel and a bucket.

It is better to cook asphalt over a fire, since using gas is unsafe and expensive.

• Initially, add crushed stone and sand in a 2:1 ratio and mix well. All this should be filled with water and hung over the fire.
• At the same time we prepare the bitumen base. To do this, take a metal bucket and heat the bitumen in it until it boils. You can add synthetic polymers as a plasticizer, but it’s cheaper to use shampoo or any detergent.
• When the resin has warmed up and the water in the barrel with crushed stone has also boiled, they need to be combined. Water is needed to ensure that the crushed stone and sand do not heat up above 100ºС. Next, this broth must be stirred, maintaining a boil until all the water has boiled away. While the solution is hot, it can be poured.

Hand laying.

Important: be careful, at 80 ºС bitumen melts, and at 100 - 120 ºС it boils. But already at 170 ºС bitumen can ignite.

Actually, to prevent such a fire, we use water.

Using old road surfaces

Dismantling asphalt concrete pavements and bases can become good material to prepare new asphalt.

The technology is partly similar to the previous version, but with some amendments.

• The dismantling of the asphalt concrete pavement itself is carried out old-fashioned method, using a sledgehammer and other percussion instruments. Only the top layer of asphalt bound with bitumen is used; the road cushion can be left untouched.
• Old road surface is broken into pieces with a fraction of no more than 40 mm. For 100 kg of old asphalt, take 10 kg of bitumen.
• After this, the crushed substance must be poured with water and boiled in a barrel until melted. The technology then repeats the option described above. The heated bitumen combines with the molten asphalt and the water evaporates.

Cold asphalt

Cold asphalt.

The two methods described above are well suited for economical repairs damaged asphalt in the yard or near the yard. If you need to cover a large area, we recommend using cold asphalt.

This coating appeared on the market in our country about 5 years ago. The principle of operation here is similar to the well-known cold welding. Modified bitumen is used for the binder, so it can be laid even in sub-zero temperatures. Instructions are included on the packaging.

Manual vibrating rammer.

The only disadvantage of this material is its significant price. But, as you know, asphalt is shipped hot from the factory and must also be laid hot. Therefore, for remote locations, cold polymer asphalt is the only alternative.

Important: when repairing road surfaces, the problem is quality device joint seam in asphalt concrete pavement.
Cold polymer-based asphalt completely solves this problem, since it reliably adheres to any bitumen-based composition.

Cutting cold asphalt.

Rules for laying coatings

The construction of asphalt concrete pavements is a responsible matter and it is not so important whether you lay it yourself or hire professionals. Laying and acceptance of asphalt concrete pavement is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89, as well as a number of GOST standards.

Only a specialist can understand these documents, so we have outlined the main provisions of these rules and regulations in a more understandable language.

Scheme for laying roads with medium load.

Preparatory stage

Any work begins with markings. You need to clearly decide where the asphalt will be laid. Where will the curb be installed and what will it be like? It is also very important to ensure that the drainage system is fully installed in advance. drainage system and drainage systems were installed.

All work on the installation of underground communications must be completely completed by this time. If you are arranging a parking lot or access roads to an office, then it is better to find out in advance where city communications are located, since, if necessary, municipal services They will rip off your coverage and may also impose a fine.

It was mentioned above about the varieties and purpose existing species asphalt. So, at the preparation stage, you need to choose what kind of material you are going to lay.

Working with a vibrating plate.

Important: the estimate for installing an asphalt concrete pavement should contain not only data on the cost of the material and the amount of work.
It would be useful to include fare, and also leave the column on Unexpected expenses, such as permission to carry out work from the relevant official or service.

If a pedestrian path or platform with occasional passage of passenger cars is being laid, then the crushed stone-gravel cushion can be made up to 15 cm thick. The thickness of the asphalt concrete pavement will be in the range of 4 - 5 cm.

If you are equipping a gas station or any access roads along which, with a high degree of probability, heavy-duty equipment will periodically pass, then in this case the thickness of the gravel cushion will be about 25 - 35 cm. Plus the asphalt itself is laid in at least 2 layers.

Heavy roller.

After marking, the construction of the so-called trough or foundation pit for the road begins. In urban areas or in private construction, as a rule, roads and sites are built at approximately the same level, so the soil must be selected to cover the entire thickness of the “road pie”. Federal highways are being developed using a slightly different technology, but we will not dwell on it.

When the soil has been selected, the entire site must be well compacted, this is done with a roller or vibrating plate. Pay attention to the presence of trees nearby; the roots can tear up the asphalt over time, so, if possible, it is better to remove them immediately. Although the price of the work will be slightly increased, we recommend covering the soil with geotextiles so that vegetation does not break through the covering.

Mobile installation for thermal profiling of asphalt.

Important: on at this stage curbs are installed, they play the role of a kind of formwork for the “road cake”. If when laying paving slabs the curb is made below the road level, then here it is the other way around.

In this regard, it is necessary to immediately plan drains for water drainage.

Now you can start filling the crushed stone cushion. For pedestrian paths with a cushion thickness of 10–15 cm, 1 layer of crushed stone of a fraction of 30–40 mm is sufficient. More powerful bases are laid in several layers.

The bottom layer serves for drainage in case of rising groundwater; it is filled with coarse crushed stone with a fraction of 40 - 70 mm. The next layer with a fraction of 20 - 40 mm will be responsible for uniform distribution of the load on the base of the road.

Road reinforcement with polymer mesh.

The final layer of filling is made of fine gravel with a fraction of 5 - 20 mm. It will also be responsible for distributing the load, but in addition it will turn the pillow into a dense, monolithic structure.

All laid layers must be compacted tightly. For serious surfaces, road rollers weighing from 2 to 10 tons are used. Each ball of fill is compacted separately, the roller must go over it at least 5 times, plus modern road rollers have a vibrating press function, which increases efficiency several times. During the compaction process, the surface should be regularly watered.

Advice: during the compaction process, you must immediately take into account the angle of inclination of the road; on average, it is about 1º per 1 linear meter.
To do this, you should periodically check the markings or data of the level.

Laying the federal highway.

Laying asphalt

After completing the compaction of the cushion, you can proceed directly to laying the asphalt. As mentioned earlier for sidewalks and adjacent areas It is enough to lay the fine-grained composition in a layer of up to 50 mm. Heavy road rollers are also not required; you can get by with a light roller or vibrating plate.

Note!
According to SNiP, this type of coating is not recommended for laying in recreation areas.

More serious objects are paved in 2 layers. In this case, the bottom layer is laid with coarse-grained asphalt at a level of 40 - 50 mm. A fine-grained composition is almost immediately applied to it, which in most cases is the finishing compound.

Currently, technologies have been developed according to which a reinforcing mesh made of polymer materials must be laid between layers of hot asphalt. As a result, the durability and strength of such a road increases significantly. This technology used when laying federal highways and roads with increased load.

Complex road laying.

Important: restoration of asphalt concrete pavements is most often done only with the help of hot bitumen. Although, according to GOST, thermal profiling of asphalt concrete pavements must be carried out.

This procedure involves preheating the road surface to a depth of 2–5 cm.

The mixture must be delivered to the site hot; as a rule, it is brought by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 7 - 20 tons. After that, the asphalt is manually or mechanically distributed evenly along the road plane, observing the slope. On average, 1 ton of asphalt is consumed per 10 m² of road surface with a thickness of 40 mm.

The construction of asphalt concrete pavements is a weather-dependent process. In the cold season, that is, at temperatures below +5 ºС, it is generally not recommended to carry out work. Plus, during rain or wet weather, the quality of installation is significantly reduced, as the composition becomes moisturized and cools faster.

Unit for removing old coating.

Conclusion

We have outlined the general basic principles high-quality styling asphalt, but science does not stand still and technologies are supplemented and improved. In the video in this article you can look at the process of laying asphalt in more detail.

Source: https://masterabetona.ru/vidy/718-asfaltobetonnoe-pokrytie

Advice from experienced builders on how to make high-quality asphalt with your own hands. DIY asphalt composition

https://www..com/watch?v=ppC4e1V4uUk

The main components of this material are crushed stone, ordinary river sand, bitumen resin, as well as polymer materials for laying on the surface. The last component is not always used, as it is expensive; it is used mainly in the construction of highways and highways. Despite the fact that all the components can be found in the shed, making a road surface at the dacha will be a little difficult. You should seriously prepare for this process

We need a container for mixing the “ingredients”, a fire (can be a fire) for 6-8 hours continuously, about 100 liters of water to cool the suspension, as well as one of the pastes to keep everything together. Its role can be played by resin or bitumen (preferred). Let's look at the manufacturing instructions step by step.

Step 1 Prepare the container.

The first step is to make a prototype of a concrete mixer, since it would be irrational to “kill” an expensive and useful item. For our purposes, a metal oil barrel or diesel fuel, which sell a branded product.

If you don’t have one, you can buy it for pennies (or borrow it for free) from any farmer or from the company itself that bottles oil into retail containers. They are often thrown into scrap metal as industrial waste. Close the lid and drill holes in the bottom center with an electric drill. We thread a metal rod (pipe, corner, square, etc.)

) and scald inverter welding so that there are no leaks anywhere. We weld an L-shaped twig to one of the edges, creating a “skewer.”

Step 2 Mix the ingredients.

We pour crushed stone into our “concrete mixer”, add a little sand (2:1) and mix everything thoroughly. You can’t pick up wet building materials - they will immediately stick together, and pick them up from metal walls it will be very difficult.

Step 3 Heat the bitumen and polymer additives.

In a separate container (it is best to take a 15-liter bucket), we need to heat the bitumen to a boil; for better elasticity, you can add shampoo to it. It will burn out later, but it will be much more convenient to stir. We also add polymers and plasticizers there.

Step 4 Mix everything together.

You don’t need a lot of imagination here, just take and add boiling bitumen to a preheated barrel with crushed stone and sand. Important: do not mix if the barrel and all components are not warmed up - the bitumen will quickly cool down and mixing will be impossible. For convenience, you can first add 50 liters of water to a barrel and bring to a boil. After this, pour in bitumen and stir until the water evaporates.

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, exactly what we need for bitumen to make it fluid and sticky. Remember not to overheat this material - it ignites at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just finished - pour it out!

Step 5 Pour into the holes.

The area in which you will pour asphalt must be thoroughly cleaned, preferably blown out with a compressor. After you pour in the hot mixture, you need to take a roller or any other tool (tamper) and compact the material. Be sure to wet the metal of the tool with water so that it does not stick to the bitumen during compaction.

If you follow the instructions, making asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!

What is cold asphalt and what is its feature?

Quite recently, enough interesting product– polymer asphalt. Its peculiarity is that it can be laid at absolutely any temperature. Tests have shown excellent viscosity and adhesiveness even at -20C, which makes it possible to repair roads or make an entrance to a dacha even in winter.

It consists of fluid bitumen grade SG or MG 70/130, characterized by increased viscosity. It also contains special plasticizers and modifiers that act similarly to “cold welding”. Due to this, you can get excellent results even at subzero temperatures. The paths will have increased strength and will last much longer than regular asphalt. The technology has been implemented for more than 5 years in Russia, and now anyone can buy such material.

There is no point in looking for a method on how to make asphalt with your own hands, since cold technology involves a high-tech injection molding process and is not available at home. Its cost is much higher than conventional road surfaces, so it is rarely used in industry.

But every summer resident can buy the required quantity to make paths in the garden or a small driveway for a car. You can buy it in a regular store. Installation does not require special knowledge: just pour the mixture into Right place and compact with any in a convenient way, even car tires.

How to make new asphalt from old road surface

Another very popular method of improving a site without much capital investment is to use old road surfaces as the main raw material for making a new one. To do this, we need about 100 kg of old coating, which is thrown away during highway repairs, fresh bitumen, 10 kg of resin for elasticity and a concrete hardener. Let's look at what needs to be done step by step.

we make a concrete mixer using electric drill, oil barrels and twigs as described in the first section of the article.

Step 2 Grind the components.

Use a hammer to break all the large pieces remaining from old road. Check that the fraction of all components is fine, up to 40 mm. Add a little sand there and mix everything. We begin to heat the barrel with old asphalt and sand placed in it, fill in 60-70 liters of water, bring to a boil and “cook the soup”.

Step 3 Prepare the solution for adding.

Now is the time to take care of the liquid part. Since the old road surface already contains some bitumen, we will need 50% less of it. That is, we take about 10 kg of bitumen and 10 kg of resin per 100 kg of material, heat it to a boil. Then we pour it all into a heated barrel with other components, mix thoroughly with a metal rod.

Homemade asphalt from free components is ready. Now all that remains is to pour it into pre-cleaned holes or onto a site prepared for laying. Such material will serve you for many years and will be no worse than “branded” material.

Source: https://sevparitet.ru/sostav/sostav-asfalt-svoimi-rukami.html

How to make asphalt yourself at home

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1 Topic by Bored 2013-04-14 20:23:06

• Bored
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• Registered: 2013-02-06
• Messages: 86

Topic: Making asphalt with your own hands

Gentlemen, are any of you familiar with the process and methodology for making asphalt at home? In particular, I ask you to disclose the topic in full: what should be the composition, method of preparation and what tools will be needed. Thank you!

2 Reply from Artem Gudkov 2013-04-14 20:31:05

• Artem Gudkov
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• Registered: 2012-11-20
• Messages: 110

Re: Making asphalt with your own hands

Nowadays you can simply buy asphalt, you only have time to pay the money, they will deliver it hot, you just have time to level it yourself. Although it is expensive, it doesn’t take much. But to cook it yourself will only ruin your health.

3 Reply from Master 2013-04-14 20:38:46

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How to make asphalt with your own hands

To make asphalt yourself you need to know a few details that will help you avoid injuries during work. The main materials for asphalt are crushed stone, resin and sand. In addition, polymeric materials are needed to lay the surface.

At first glance, making asphalt yourself is not at all difficult, but before you start, you need to prepare for this process. First you need to find a container in which all the ingredients will be mixed. You also need a small fire, which should burn for at least 8 hours. In order to cool the suspension, you need to prepare about 100 liters of water.

In order for all materials to stick together, you need to use a paste in the form of resin or bitumen.

Today there is another type of asphalt - cold, that is, polymer. The main advantage is that it can be installed at any temperature. Through testing, it was found that the viscosity of this asphalt is maintained even at -15. It is this fact that gives enormous advantages to this type of asphalt, since it allows roads to be repaired at any time and in any weather. For such installation, special equipment is used, and you can also use a service such as renting a soil compactor.

1. Preparing the container.

First of all, you need to make some object that would do the job of a concrete mixer. For this you can use iron barrel. You need to cover it with a lid on top, and at the bottom in the very center you need to drill a hole with a drill. Then you need to thread a thin pipe or rod and weld it so that the barrel does not leak. You need to weld an L-shaped rod to one of the edges of the pipe and you will get a skewer.

2. B homemade concrete mixer add crushed stone and sand according to the 2:1 principle and mix everything well. You should not pour wet mixtures, as they dry out very quickly and are difficult to pick out.

3. Bitumen must be heated in another container. For this would be better suited bucket. Once heated to boiling, polymers must be added. To make the bitumen elastic you need to add a little shampoo. As a result of boiling, it will burn out, and stirring the mixture will become much easier.

4. Hot bitumen must be added to the barrel, where the sand and crushed stone have already warmed up. Under no circumstances should bitumen be poured into cold barrel, as it will harden quickly.

5. Before pouring asphalt, the holes must be thoroughly cleaned. In addition, using a compressor you can blow out all unnecessary debris. After pouring the hot mixture into the pits, you need to compact the material using a roller. To prevent the tool from sticking to the bitumen, it must be moistened with water.

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Do-it-yourself asphalt: production and installation

Many country property owners entertain the idea of ​​making asphalt with their own hands. However, in order to obtain a reliable road surface, it is very important to take into account performance characteristics site, and also comply with all requirements technological process to obtain high-quality fabric.

What is asphalt

Asphalt, or more precisely asphalt concrete, is a multicomponent material that includes the following ingredients:

• Sand. It is necessary as a binder, and in some cases (when adding cement) it can increase the mechanical strength of the road surface.
• Crushed stone. It is a reinforcing component and does not allow finished layers to crack under the influence of significant loads.
• Bitumen resin. Acts as a paste for connecting all components, and also provides additional waterproofing of the canvas.

Sometimes polymer additives are introduced into asphalt concrete, which can ensure its high performance characteristics, however, due to high cost they are used extremely rarely.

In order for asphalt made by yourself to fully perform its assigned functions, it is very important to follow the technology for manufacturing the material and adhere to installation recommendations. The first step in this direction, of course, is preparation.

So, what we need is to prepare all the necessary components (sand, crushed stone, bitumen resin); to ensure the possibility of “cooking” the composition: you will need a large metal container and a heat source (usually a fire is used). And also stock up on a large volume of water as a means of protection (to limit combustion).

Now let's talk about everything in order.

The first thing you should take care of is to make a container for mixing the components, because using a traditional concrete mixer to produce asphalt is an unjustified luxury.

It is quite justified to use as a container metal barrel(150 - 200 liters), to the bottom of which it is necessary to weld an L-shaped handle and ensure the ability to rotate the device around its own axis. By the way, you can read about how to make a concrete mixer yourself here.

In parallel with this, construction bitumen should be melted in a separate container (usually a large bucket is used). Carrying out this work you need to be very scrupulous and take into account the possibility of ignition of the resin (sand and water should be nearby if extinguishing is necessary).

The next step is mixing bitumen with sand and crushed stone, for which the heated resin is simply poured into a barrel with bulk substances and mixed thoroughly (by turning). However, when performing this part of the work, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the barrel and the components in it must be well heated. Otherwise, the material will quickly cool down, and high-quality mixing will not be possible.

Water is a good indicator of the readiness of the solution. After all, if you pour it into a barrel with bitumen, sand and crushed stone hot water, and then heating the entire substance can achieve good results. Well, the readiness of the asphalt will be indicated by the complete evaporation of the liquid from the barrel.

Material laying process

Of course, pouring home-made asphalt concrete onto an unprepared base is not justified. Therefore, before laying the material, it is advisable to clear the work site of debris, dust, or even blow it with air.

After that, the heated asphalt is poured onto the required area and compacted using a hand roller or tamper. It should be noted that in order to minimize the adhesion of the material to the tool, it is advisable to moisten the latter with water.

After hardening, the asphalt is suitable for use.

Features of laying cold asphalt

Recently, more and more often, owners of suburban real estate are using cold-type asphalt to equip their home areas.

This product is sold in ready-to-use form and is a mixture of flowing bitumen, polymer fillers and modifiers (ensure the hardening process).

Moreover, just such a product can easily be laid at subzero temperatures, which cannot be done with traditional material. While the performance characteristics and price parameters of this material are very higher than those of conventional asphalt.

The method of laying cold asphalt is practically no different from the option described above and boils down to the fact that ready material poured out in the required place and compacted using tampers or car wheels.

Recently, more and more often, after repairing the road surface by specialized services, old (cut) asphalt concrete is left behind. It turns out that you can also use it to make high-quality road surfaces.

And all that is necessary for this is to break the pieces of old asphalt into small fractions and lay them in the required place in a layer of about 10 cm. Finally, the rocky base should be rolled with a road roller.

Please note that this work should be carried out in warm weather in order for the resin present in the cut asphalt to melt a little and fill all the voids.

And in the end we offer a corresponding video.

- it is heavy, dark brown or black mineral substance, one of several mixtures of hydrocarbons called bitumens. Asphalt is a strong, versatile and chemically resistant binder that adapts to a variety of applications. Asphalt binds crushed stone and gravel (commonly called aggregate) into a durable road surface. Asphalt, also known as mineral tar, is derived from natural sources, such as native asphalt or shave, or as a by-product oil industry(petroleum asphalt).

Interesting fact! Prehistoric animal skeletons have been entirely preserved in natural asphalt deposits, one of the most famous of which is the La Brae Tar Pits, in Los Angeles, California.

Historical facts about asphalt

Asphalt is one of the world's oldest engineered materials, having been used since the dawn of civilization. The Sumerian peoples also knew what asphalt was. Thus, the Sumerians had a thriving shipbuilding industry, which produced and used asphalt for compaction and waterproofing. As early as 2600 B.C. the Egyptians used asphalt as waterproofing material, and also for wrapping mummies as a preservative. Ancient civilizations widely used asphalt as a mortar for building and paving blocks used in temples, irrigation systems, reservoirs and highways. The asphalts used by early civilizations were of natural origin and were found in geological strata as soft, workable solutions and hard, brittle black veins. rocks(also called asphalt coal). Natural asphalt was formed when wet petroleum oils made their way through cracks to the earth's surface. The action of the sun and wind dried out the light oils and gases, leaving a black residue. Natural asphalts were widely used until the early 1900s. With the discovery of the ability to process asphalt from crude oil and the growing popularity of the automobile, the asphalt industry expanded significantly. Modern petroleum asphalt has the same durable qualities as natural asphalt, with the added benefit of being uniform and free of organic and mineral impurities.

What is asphalt made from? What does it consist of?

Raw materials used in modern production asphalt - oil. Oil wells supply crude oil to refineries where it is separated into its various components or fractions through distillation of the fossil.

Asphalt production process

1. After fractionation, the oil is further refined into other products, which include asphalt, paraffin, gasoline, lubricating oil, kerosene and diesel oil. Because asphalt is the base or heavy component of crude oil, it does not evaporate or boil during the distillation process. Asphalt is essentially a heavy residue from the oil refining process.

2. The asphalt can then be mixed or "cut" with a volatile agent, resulting in a soft and workable product at a lower temperature than pure asphalt cement. When cutting asphalt is used for paving or construction, the volatile element evaporates when exposed to air or heat, leaving behind hard asphalt cement. Heated asphalt cement is mixed with residual asphalt oil from an earlier distillation process for slow-cure asphalt, with kerosene for medium-cure asphalt, and with gasoline or naphtha for fast-cure asphalt.

3. Asphalt cement can also be emulsified to produce a liquid that can be easily pumped through pipes, mixed with aggregate, or sprayed through nozzles. For emulsification, asphalt cement is crushed into globules of 5 to 10 microns or less (one micron is equal to one millionth of a meter). Then mixed with water. An emulsifier is added, which reduces the tendency of asphalt and water to decompose. The emulsifying agent may be colloidal clay, soluble or insoluble silicates, soap or sulfonated vegetable oils.

4. Asphalt can also be crushed to produce powdered asphalt. The asphalt is crushed and passed through a series of screens to ensure uniform granule size. Powered asphalt can be mixed with road oil and aggregate to construct sidewalks. The heat and pressure of the road slowly mixes the powder with the aggregate and the binding oil, and the asphalt cement substance hardens to a consistency similar to regular asphalt cement.

Important! There are two types of asphalt mixtures: hot mix and cold mix. Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is typically used for heavier traffic areas, while cold mix asphalt is used for secondary roads.

Very often managers road construction whose task is to lay the bitumen-concrete mixture, want to know which exact consumption asphalt per 1 m2?

First of all, you need to consider the type of bitumen-concrete mixture.

The largest amount - about 25.5 kg per 1 cm of thickness - is typical for stone mastic asphalt mixture (SMAM). This can be explained by the SMAM particle size distribution curve ( high degree filling the frame with grains of different sizes).

The quantity per 1 m2 of colored asphalt is 25 kg (thickness 1 cm).

The amount of coarse aggregate mixture is less - about 24 kg per 1 m2 (assuming a thickness of 1 cm), since their granular curve is intermittent, that is, the space between large grains is filled with sand, but not with fine fractional dust for stone screening, as is the case in case of SMAM,

For a sandy bitumen-concrete mixture, the amount is 23.5 kg per 1 m2, since the density of sand is lower than the density of crushed stone.

The above data is not exact, it may vary up or down according to the type of crushed stone or sand that is used as the density mineral materials and them physicochemical characteristics vary depending on where they are extracted.

Thus, if the plan is to cover a section of road with total area 1000 m2, 5 cm thick with bitumen-concrete mixture type SMA, the calculation should be carried out using a simple formula:

25 kg * 5 cm = 125 kg = 0.125 t - the amount of bitumen-concrete mixture required to cover 1 m2 of surface.

In our case, the surface area is 1000 m2, so multiplying this area by 0.125 tons, we get 125 tons cubic.

Result - 1 ton of bitumen-concrete mixture is enough to cover 8 square meters surfaces. These numbers are purely individual, but as a guide they can be used for approximate calculations.

Mass construction of cottages and dachas is inextricably linked with landscaping. Of course, the primary task, upon completion of construction, is to improve the entrance and path to the house, since walking knee-deep in mud on a rainy day is far from an attractive prospect. At the same time, laying tiles is a rather expensive and labor-intensive task, laying concrete is a relatively short-lived future, but laying asphalt, the price of which is much lower than paving slabs, is a rather attractive option, and the installation process is quite simple, so asphalting the area yourself will not cause any particular difficulties. The main thing is to choose the right type of asphalt and follow the technology for laying it.

Advantages of asphalt pavement

Despite the relative environmental friendliness of asphalt mixtures, the demand for this material is unlikely to come to naught, since the advantages of asphalt in many respects are superior to most similar materials, including:

• Excellent waterproofing;
• Does not deform during sudden temperature fluctuations;
• High degree of wear resistance;
• Moisture resistance;
• Resistance to oils, acids;
• Lack of labor-intensive care;
• Ease of repairing damaged areas;
• Duration of operation;
• Practicality;
• Reasonable price.

Among the disadvantages of asphalt mixtures, bad smell, appearing in hot weather in connection with the allocation toxic substances hot coating, although in most cases this nuance is simply omitted.

However, the manifestation of all the advantages of asphalt pavement is possible only if you accurately master complete information about how to lay asphalt in the yard. Based on this, the initial task is to making the right choice type of asphalt regarding the conditions of its future operation.

Asphalt and its types

Asphalt is a combination of mineral materials with bitumen. Depending on the method of its production, asphalt is distinguished:

• Of natural origin. The formation of asphalt occurs under the influence of oxidation and hypergenesis of heavy oil fractions, or light components obtained from the remains of fractions during the evaporation process, followed by mixing with sand and gravel, forming quite thick layers on the surface. This type of asphalt is widely used in areas where oil comes to the surface.
• Artificial origin. Asphalt obtained by mixing sand, crushed stone, as well as mineral powder with bitumen in a factory is called asphalt concrete, through which the main asphalting of roads, sidewalks, etc. is carried out.

The main difference between natural asphalt and artificial asphalt concrete is due to the high content of bitumen in the composition of the mixtures, reaching 60-75%, which provides the laid asphalt with increased strength. In artificial asphalt percentage bitumen varies from 13-60%, which explains its division into several subspecies used for various works and destination areas.

Types of artificial asphalt, their characteristics

Recently, the demand for asphalt products has increased significantly, so manufacturers are constantly striving for improvement technological composition raw materials and the method of its production, which entails the emergence of new types of asphalt.

Currently produced the following types asphalt:

1.Hot - made from a composition including sand, mineral powder, liquid or viscous bitumen, as well as crushed stone or gravel. Under influence high temperatures All components are thoroughly mixed, forming a homogeneous mass. In this case, asphalt laying is carried out immediately, within 4-5 hours from the moment of production of a certain volume. If the temperature of the mass drops below 120 °C, the degree of adhesion will decrease, deteriorating the quality of the coating.

Advantages:

• High strength of the hardened coating;
• High degree of adhesion to the surface;
• Durability;
• Reasonable price.

Flaws:

• To compact the coating, it is necessary to use rollers and vibrating plates;
• Efficiency of work to avoid cooling of the asphalt mass;
• It can be used only after 5-6 hours;
• Ability to work in warm weather.

2. Cast asphalt, along with hot asphalt, has a similar composition, but differs in a higher content of bitumen and mineral fillers. The coating made of cast asphalt concrete differs from other types in its insignificant relief and small layer thickness, while the performance characteristics are several times higher than those of hot and cold asphalt.

Advantages:

• Excellent water resistance;
• No corrosion of the material;
• Resistance to various types of deformation;
• High degree of adhesion to the surface being coated;
• Compaction of the coating is not required;
• Resistance to temperature fluctuations;
• All-season work;
• Small weight due to high density mixtures;
• Durability.

Flaws:

• Use of special equipment for delivery and installation of the finished mixture;
• High price.

3. Colored - can refer to both hot asphalt and cold asphalt, produced by heating the components, followed by cooling and packaging for storage. Colored asphalt is obtained as a result of the use of colored crushed stone, as well as the introduction of colored dyes into the mixture.

Advantages:

• Excellent noise absorption;
• High adhesion to rubber;
• IN dark time color track visible much better than gray;
• Durability.

However, due to its high cost, colored asphalt is used mainly for applying a contrasting pattern to the road and for marking paths in parks and gardens.

4. Cold - distinguished by the use of not viscous, but liquid bitumen or a bitumen emulsion in the composition in such a way that the constituent elements of the mixture are packed in a bitumen film. During production, special additives are introduced into the mixture to prevent hardening of the bitumen during storage of the finished mixture, as well as to increase the storage period.

• The polymerization process begins at the moment the coating is compacted;
• You can immediately move and drive on the laid asphalt;
• Resistance of the coating to expansion and shrinkage caused by weather conditions;
• Possibility of all-season work;
• Minimum content of harmful substances;
• Quick installation;
• Durability.

• Manual compaction of the coating is required, or using a roller;
• High cost compared to hot asphalt types.

5. Asphalt crumbs are recyclable materials obtained as a result of:

• Milling of outdated top layer of asphalt. The cost, along with the quality of the crumbs obtained in this way, directly depends on the composition of the asphalt mixture being processed and the speed of the cutter. Warm asphalt crumbs, consisting of a fine fraction, are considered to be of the highest quality. However, you can only purchase the material in the warm season, when repair work is being carried out.

• Crushing pieces that have broken off from the asphalt surface. The crushing of chips entering production is carried out in a crusher, as a result of which the asphalt crumbs are immediately sorted by fraction size. During processing, bitumen remains in a frozen state, as a result of which the coating with such crumbs will have a somewhat loose structure. In addition, asphalt chips can come with stuck pieces of concrete and soil, deteriorating the quality of the processed material.

So quality and cost asphalt crumbs after milling exceeds the performance of the material obtained by crushing.

In general, laying asphalt using crumbs is simple, resulting in the following advantages:

• Not washed away by water;
• Under the influence of the sun, bitumen liquefies, promoting sintering of the composition;
• Provides good drainage performance;
• Low cost.

Flaws:

• To give the coating strength, it is necessary to use a rolling device;
• Fragility.

Despite the variety of asphalt mixtures, the same type can have different purposes, depending on the size of the fractions included in it:

• Coarse-grained asphalt is characterized by the presence of large as well as small fractions in the crushed stone composition and is intended for laying as the bottom layer of the coating;

• Fine-grained - based on crushed stone, mainly small fractions for laying the top layer of coating, when using a multi-layer coating intended for the roadway;

• Sandy asphalt, the basis of which is sand, with the addition of a small amount of fine crushed stone, bitumen and mineral powder. Ideal for arranging paths, walkways, and park areas.

Thus, when choosing one or another type to lay asphalt in the country house, in the yard or near the garage, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the financial side of the issue, but also to the composition, as well as the method of producing the mixture.

Asphalt laying technology

After choosing the type of asphalt, answering the question of how to lay asphalt with your own hands is quite simple, since all that remains is to prepare the base and make direct installation mixtures.

foundation preparation

Before laying asphalt, the following work must be done:

1. Mark the future path or territory, taking into account the location of underground utilities, the distance for installing curbs, as well as the presence of trees with a developed root system, which may subsequently damage the coating;
2. Remove a layer of soil to a depth of 20-30 cm, making a slope for water drainage from the coating by 6-7 mm every meter;
3. Install curbstones along the edges of the trench;
4. Pour crushed stone or gravel into a 10 cm layer at the bottom of the trench and compact it;
5. Pour sand on top of the crushed stone in a 5 cm layer and also compact it thoroughly, after moistening it with water.

If the area will be used for vehicle access, then the layer of crushed stone and sand must be increased by another 10 cm.

laying asphalt mixture

Direct laying of asphalt is carried out as follows:

1. Distribute the brought mixture along the entire perimeter of the area intended for asphalt paving, using a shovel and a mop-shaped tool specially designed for leveling;
2. Compact the leveled layer using a roller, vibrating plate, or manual tamper. At the same time, to prevent the asphalt from sticking to the skating rink, it must be moistened with water;
3. The asphalt layer is rolled from the bottom up, and then perpendicularly to remove the formed seams.

If the path is paved with asphalt, then a sufficient coating layer is 4-5 cm, and if vehicles enter the territory, then 8-10 cm.

Thus, the question of how to lay asphalt correctly can be answered this way: choose the type of asphalt, follow the technology for preparing the base and lay the asphalt surface. It is also worth noting that a slight deviation from some points of technology can lead to the loss of asphalt properties and a shorter service life.