Apparat - Magazine about the new society. Human colony on Mars. Detailed study of the Mars One project One way program to Mars

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In the comments to the last post, many different versions regarding the colonization of Mars flared up. This article contains more detailed information about each point of the upcoming mission so that you can finally strengthen your point of view on this issue

About the Mars One project

Mars One is a private organization whose task is to establish a colony on Mars using ready-made technologies. This is the first project that plans to finance such a global operation through real-time TV broadcasts, from the selection of astronauts on Earth to the solution of complex technical problems on the surface of Mars.

Goals

Many people believe that the desire to explore the solar system is a much more important achievement for all humanity than the local desires of individual nations. Like the Apollo moon landing, the human mission to Mars will teach our generations that anything is possible in this world. The Mars One team not only believes in opportunity this mission, but also that they obliged to do everything possible to accelerate our understanding of the formation of the cosmos, the origins of life, and, just as important, our raison d'être in the universe.

Working mission

In 2011, the creation of the first plans began. During the first year, negotiations were held with many space agencies and corporations to test the strength of this idea. The response letters expressed deep interest in the project.
Since this would be too expensive for corporations and too risky for government enterprises, Mars One decided to take the path of integrating separate branches of existing technologies.

Technologies

The plan was drawn up taking into account currently existing technologies from reliable suppliers. The project itself is not an aerospace company and does not produce the equipment needed for the mission. All equipment will be developed by third parties and then combined into a cohesive whole.
A complete mission kit will contain the following:

Launcher. This type of rocket will be used to deliver payload from earth to orbit (or from orbit to Mars). The plan is to use the SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket (an improved version of the Falcon 9 that SpaceX currently uses).
Mars transit module. The module will be responsible for delivering astronauts to Mars. It will consist of two fuel systems, a landing system and living quarters.
Descent vehicle. The Mars One team proposes using an expanded version of the DragonCapsule, first tested in 2010. This is the same capsule that successfully docked with the ISS (International Space Station) in May 2012. The Mars mission will require a slightly expanded model of it, which will include:
Life support module, which will contain air, water and energy generation systems
Power module that will contain food
Biosphere module, which will store special inflatable sections that will allow the creation of large living areas on the surface of Mars
A travel module in which astronauts will spend seven months before landing on the planet
Mars Rovers Module

Mars rovers

The role of the rover is planned to use a large semi-autonomous solar-powered system, the tasks of which will include:

Intelligence service
Quick collection of small vehicles
Transporting Large Hardware Components
General assembly of large structures

Thus, it will most likely not be a Mars rover (in our usual understanding), but a mobile factory on wheels.

Martian suit

All astronauts will be required to wear suits when exposed to the Martian atmosphere. Like those used on the Moon, the suits will protect astronauts from extreme temperatures, a thin airless atmosphere and harmful radiation.

Communication system

The system will transmit video streams along the chain Mars - communication satellite - Earth

Humanity on Mars

Tell you about something like this - “we are going to fly to Mars for permanent life” - you will have questions:

How will astronauts leave Earth? This is crazy!
How will they prepare for life on Mars?
What can happen during seven months of travel?
What will astronauts do when they are away from home?

Let's try to answer these questions and more.

Emigration to Mars

Buying a one-way ticket is always more profitable than worrying about the return trip, but what do astronauts think about this? It will all depend on who you ask. It is easy to see that most people would rather lose a leg than remain on a cold, dangerous planet, saying “bye-bye” to all their family and friends (with girlfriends translator's note), and knowing that they would never meet them face to face again after the Spartan journey to the Red Planet. However, there are also people for whom traveling to Mars is a long-standing dream of many years. They are ready to meet the planet one on one. For them, this is a unique opportunity to explore a new world, conduct hitherto unknown experiments, build a new home for Humanity and come face to face with the Unknown.
The Mars One team will give everyone the opportunity to join the ranks of astronauts. Are you the one who dreams about it? Then read on to find out what's in store for you! Would you rather lose your leg than take such an adventure? Read on and make sure you make the right choice!

Training

Each astronaut will participate in mandatory ten years of training. It will include numerous aptitude tests in a group of four people. These tests will be carried out in a confined space over several months. The purpose of this is to understand how a certain person reacts to close proximity with the rest of the team. In addition to this, colonizers must learn many new skills. After all, these people will be responsible for every aspect of the Mars colony: repairs, growing crops, and a lot of medical stuff like broken bones. (a dubious phenomenon in the conditions of Martian gravity. approx. translator)

One way trip

The flight will take seven months. The astronauts will spend all this time in a very small space - much smaller than the main base will provide, and without much luxury or frills. This will not be an easy task. A shower is not included in the program in advance - only wet wipes, like those provided to visitors to the International Space Station. The main friends of the astronauts at this time are canned meat, constant noise of fans and a three-hour warm-up. Against such a background, getting caught in a solar storm will be a significant adventure - after all, you can panic a little and hide in a compartment with solar protection for a couple of days. There is no doubt that the trip will be tough, but the astronauts will endure - after all, this is a journey into their dream (dream can be translated as a dream, including in a negative context. approx. translator).

Living on Mars

Upon arrival on Mars, the astronauts will move into more comfortable rooms (50 square meters per person, with a total area of 200 for the entire team). These premises will be based on inflatable components - a bedroom, a work area, a living room, and a greenhouse for growing greenery. Thanks to these components, colonists will be able to shower like normal people, cook fresh food, wear normal clothes and lead an essentially normal lifestyle. The entire complex will be connected by a network of passages, but if someone wants to leave the base, he will need to wear a special suit. Installing a residential complex will not take much time, and as soon as the problem is solved, you can begin construction and research.

Construction and research

Several basic life support modules will arrive on Mars along with the first team of settlers. The team's task will also include preparing modules for the following groups of people. All new modules from Earth will gradually connect to the main base. Some of them will be duplicated to provide greater security and just for comfort. After some time, the colonists will have to worry about building additional housing from local materials.
The planet will be rich in the amount of necessary research. Astronauts will begin to study the influence of Mars on plants and their own bodies, and solve many geological and biological problems. Who knows, in their free time they might think: was there life on Mars before them?

Online broadcasts and television

All activities of the astronauts will be broadcast in real time to Earth. You will be able to keep abreast of all recent events (response time is about half an hour, not adjusted for data size approx. translator), and also occasionally listen to the stories of astronauts, who will definitely have something to say. What happens when you come to the surface? What does it mean to “participate in an adventure”? What is it like to experience gravity that is only 40% of Earth's? Answers to these and many other questions will be received very soon.

Expansion

New groups of people are planned to be landed on Mars every two years. The size of the settlement will grow steadily. A little later, many of the residential modules will be completed using local materials, so they will be large enough for a comfortable stay. Increasing the settlement will also be beneficial for the colonists, as they will have opportunities for a social life along with hard work.

Is it really possible?

Mars One is not the first organization to dream of human flight to Mars. Many had similar plans. And yet, there was no success. Why should Mars One be successful?

Emigration

A journey to Mars is a one-way journey. This fundamentally changes mission requirements, completely eliminating the need to return equipment to Earth, resulting in a sharp reduction in flight costs. Mars will become the new home for the colonists, where they will live and work, probably until the end of their days.
Although there is a small possibility of returning home, you should not think about it seriously. Returning a person to Earth will require several completed and fully fueled rockets, each capable of a round-trip flight of a total duration of 14 months. It will cost significantly more than a one-way trip.
In addition, do not forget about gravity. After several years of living on Mars, a person will become unable to return to Earth. This is due to irreversible physiological changes in the body, such as decreased bone density, loss of muscle strength and decreased circulatory capacity. Even after a short trip to the Mir station, the cosmonauts got back on their feet within two years, let alone Mars.
Thus, subject to permanent residence on Mars, all problems boil down to providing the basics for life: clean air, drinking water, food, and artificial support for plant growth (for the first time)
While this all sounds complicated, the Mars One project could actually be realized today. Humanity already possesses the necessary technologies. Much of the data obtained from past space experiments can be applied to this mission.
In addition, Mars contains some essential elements and fossils. For the first settlement, for example, a location was chosen that contained water ice in the soil. This water can be used for drinking, bathing, watering feed crops, and also to create oxygen. Mars has natural sources of nitrogen - the main element of which is in the air (80%) - we breathe.

Solar panels

By using this simple, reliable and abundant energy source, it is possible to completely eliminate the need to develop and run a nuclear reactor, while saving time, money and reducing the risk of use. Solar panels will be a good light source of energy - after all, the colony does not need heavy fuels to launch rockets back. The first settlement will have to cover an area of about 3,000 square meters with solar panels. Although Mars is significantly further from the Sun than Earth, it has a thinner atmosphere. As a result of this compensation, a sufficient amount of energy reaches the surface - about 500 W per square meter (1000 W on the Earth). In the first years, the batteries will be located exclusively on the surface of the planet. As the power decreases due to dust deposits, a special robot will clean them.

Simple rovers

By using relatively simple rovers, money is saved that could have been spent on developing more complex systems. The machines were chosen that, although they allow you to comfortably move around the territory, are not capable of maintaining the atmosphere and pressure inside their body - this will be a concern for the Martian suits. This choice is optimal as it significantly reduces the cost of development and delivery. The rover will allow astronauts to travel up to 80 kilometers per day. It's not really about the rover - the battery on board holds a significant amount of energy - but the suits, alas, are not designed for work lasting more than 8 hours. The rover's speed will not exceed 10 km per hour under direct control and will be even lower under automatic control. Although this seems too small, in a year you will be able to explore about 5,000 square kilometers (when calculating, take into account the viewing range and the corresponding route changes. approx. translator). Don't forget also that we are talking about a factory-on-wheels Mars rover.

Lack of latest developments

The whole plan revolves around the use of real-life, time-tested technologies. Even if a component is not in stock, it is only a small matter of time, because there is no need to radically change the part. All suppliers confirmed their readiness to build the necessary components right now.

No policy

The only selection criterion is the balance of price and quality. The project is not interested in the supplier's nation. This distinguishes it from large corporations, which dictate their foreign and domestic policies based on a variety of personal factors. Does this provide significant guarantees of good quality and price? No!

Thus, the theoretical basis for the start is quite ready. What's next for us? Time will show.
Based on materials from

19:14 26/03/2016

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Mars one) is a private project led by Bas Lansdorp and involving a flight to the planet, followed by the establishment of a colony on its surface and the broadcast of everything that happens on television.

According to the organization itself, it is not an aerospace company and all work on the development, production and launch of spacecraft will be transferred to subcontractors. The company's staff is 8 people.

Project plan

All stages of the project, which were planned and planned to be implemented during 2011-2029, are described on the official Mars One website. Each of the mission stages, starting from the fourth, was twice postponed 2 years forward.

Implemented stages

2011 - start of the project, holding discussion meetings with potential suppliers of aerospace components in the USA, Canada, Italy and the UK;
2013 - the beginning of the international selection of astronauts.
2015 - the beginning of technical and psychological training of selected 24 candidates, obtaining survival skills in an isolated environment and in conditions close to those on Mars;

Current and upcoming stages

2020 (previously 2016/2018) - a demonstration mission will be launched: sending to test technology for extracting water from Martian soil, as well as launching a communications satellite that will transmit images, videos and other data from the surface 24 hours a day, 7 days a week Mars. It is also planned to conduct an experiment with growing Tal's rhizome from seeds on the surface of Mars, in special protective containers;
2022 (previously 2018/2020) - launch of a second communications satellite into orbit around (point L5, to ensure uninterrupted flow), equipment for the construction of a colony and an unmanned vehicle with a trailer that will select the best place for settlement and prepare the surface of Mars for the arrival of cargo and placement of solar panels;
2024 (previously 2020/2022) - 6 cargoes will be launched: 2 residential blocks, 2 blocks with life support systems, 2 cargo/storage blocks;
2025 (previously 2021/2023) - cargo will land on Mars next to the rover, it begins to prepare the base for the arrival of people: delivers blocks to the selected location, activates power supply and life support systems that create reserves of water (3000 liters) and oxygen (120 kg) ;
2026 (previously 2022/2024) - the following will be sent into orbit: a transit module, a MarsLander spacecraft (landing module) with an “assembly” crew on board and 2 upper stages. Then the first four of the mission are replaced by the “assembly” crew and, after the last check of the system on Mars and the transit module, The first manned spacecraft will be launched to Mars with a crew of 4 people. At the same time, cargo is sent to ensure the life of the second crew;
2027 (previously 2023/2025) - the first crew in the lander lands on Mars(the transit will remain in orbit around the Sun). After recovery and acclimatization, the “settlers” will install additional solar panels, assemble all modules, including 2 residential blocks and 2 life support systems for the second crew, into a single Martian base and begin to settle into their new alien home;
2028 (previously 2024/2026) - launch to Mars with a second crew of 4 people;
2029 (previously 2025/2027) - landing of the second group of people of 4 people, new modules, all-terrain vehicles and equipment. And so on every two years.
2035 (previously 2031/2033) - the population of the colony is projected to reach 20 people.

Selection of colonists

Bas Lansdorp is the co-founder and project manager of Mars One.

In 2013, Mars One began selecting future astronauts who will be trained in the necessary skills and will undergo long-term confined space tests in rocket and colony simulators. The astronaut team will necessarily include both genders. The minimum age to apply for participation is 18 years, the maximum is 65 years; Citizens of any country can apply. Priority is given to highly educated, smart, healthy people with a scientific and technical education. Applications for participation began to be accepted in the first quarter of 2013. The application process is free, however, to confirm the seriousness of the candidate's intentions, a donation of up to $40 is required, depending on the state in which the person lives. In June 2013, more than 85 thousand people from all over the Earth registered on the project website, thus expressing their desire to fly to Mars, many of them applied to participate in the selection; in August the number of applicants exceeded 100 thousand people, and later amounted to more than 165 thousand. The end of the first stage of selection was planned for the end of August 2013. Then, as stated on the official website of the project, local meetings will be held with participants in their countries. The final decision about who goes to Mars and who will be the first person to set foot on Mars is left to the audience.

First tour

On September 10, 2013, the leaders of the Mars One project announced the completion of the first round of collecting applications for participation in the Mars colonization experiment. Over five months, 202,586 people from 140 countries expressed a desire to take part in the “defector” mission.

The majority of applications came from the USA - 24%. India is in second place with 10% of the total number of requests, followed by: China (6%), Brazil (5%), UK (4%), Canada (4%), Russia (4%), Mexico (4%). ), Philippines (2%), Spain (2%), Colombia (2%), Argentina (2%), Australia (1%), France (1%), Turkey (1%), Chile (1%), Ukraine (1%), Peru (1%), Germany (1%), Italy (1%) and Poland (1%).

From the total number of candidates, the Mars One selection committee selected potential settlers. Those who passed the first round received notification of this in January 2014. Three additional qualifying rounds were held over the next two years, and by 2015 it is planned to select 6-10 groups of four people.

Based on the results of the first round, 1,058 (out of more than 200,000) people from 107 countries were selected. Including residents of the USA - 297 people, Canada - 75, India - 62, Russia - 52 people. 13 people from Poland passed the first stage of selection, 10 from Ukraine, 5 from Belarus (three men and two women), two from Lithuania, and one from Latvia.

Second round

On December 30, 2013, Mars One announced the second round of the astronaut selection program. Candidates who made it to the second round underwent a comprehensive medical examination and presented the results to the Mars One selection committee by March 8, 2014. According to the results of the medical examination, out of 1,058 people, 705 remained - from 99 countries. Of the remaining candidates, the largest number are residents of the USA - 204 people, Canada - 54, India - 44, Russia - 36, Australia - 27, Great Britain - 23. By level of education: 23 people are junior specialists, 9 are lawyers, 12 are doctors, 253 do not have a scientific degree, 229 are bachelors, 114 are masters and 65 are candidates of science. Mars One is also beginning work on modeling a Martian base for future colonists. Appointed project manager Christian von Bengtson.

Third round

On February 15, 2015, Mars One announced the candidates for the third qualifying round. The selection was made based on the results of personal online interviews with 660 candidates participating in the second round. The interviews were conducted by Dr. Norbert Kraft, the project's chief medical officer. During these interviews, potential project participants had to demonstrate team spirit, motivation to participate in an expedition that would completely change their lives, and an understanding of the risks they were taking on. “We were impressed by how strong the candidates were in the interviews; this made selection very difficult,” Dr. Kraft said. Among the candidates, men and women are equally represented. Among those who made it to the third round, the largest number (33 people) were residents of the United States, Australia was in second place (7 people), third to fifth places were shared by Russia, Great Britain and South Africa (5 people each). Four candidates are represented by Canada, three by India and Poland, two by Germany, Iran, Spain, China, the Philippines and Japan, one candidate each from Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Vietnam, Denmark, Egypt, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Nigeria , New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, France, Croatia, Czech Republic and Switzerland. In total, the candidates include 39 people from America, 31 from Europe, 15 from Asia, 8 from Oceania and 7 from Africa.

Fourth round

The fourth round will be the last. It will be broadcast worldwide. The selection committee will form international groups of 4 people each. They must demonstrate their ability to live and work together under difficult conditions. These groups will receive their first short training in conditions close to those found on Mars.

At the end of the first selection series, up to 6 groups of 4 people will join the Mars One astronaut teams, after which they will prepare for the mission. Entire teams and individuals can be removed from a mission if they prove unfit.

Technical training

Astronauts will be required to learn skills and gain knowledge in a variety of disciplines.

The 2 astronauts must be proficient in the use and repair of all equipment to be able to identify and resolve technical problems.

The 2 astronauts will receive extensive medical training to be able to treat both minor and major health problems, including first aid and the use of medical equipment that will be carried with them to Mars. Their training and preparation will take all the time between their inclusion in the program and sending them to Mars.

1 person will train to explore the geology of Mars.

1 more will gain experience in exobiology, the search for life beyond Earth and the study of the influence of extraterrestrial environments on living organisms.

Other specialties, such as physical therapy, psychology and electronics, will be common to all astronauts in each of the initial groups.

Personal training

The ability to cope with the challenges of living conditions on Mars will be an important selection criterion. The choice of astronauts will initially depend on the physical ability to cope with them. They will also undergo training to adapt to them most effectively.

Flight to Mars

Flight to Mars: Homan-Vetchinkin transfer orbit.

Suitable timing of launches to Mars is limited by the most favorable relative positions of the planets, and will be carried out along the Homan-Vetchinkin orbit (Goman trajectory). The starting window opens every 2 years. The flight of a manned spacecraft to Mars will take about 7 months (~210 days), to minimize the impact of cosmic radiation on the organisms of crew members. Cargo missions can last longer to save fuel.

Lander

In early 2014, Mars One began preparing the lander that will go to Mars as part of the first phase of the first private mission. And to implement the first stage of the entire program, Mars One attracted the famous company Lockheed Martin as a partner in creating the first prototype of the landing module, which will go to Mars in 2020. The Mars One lander will be based on NASA's Phoenix lander, which landed on Mars in 2008 and was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin. True, the composition of the scientific equipment of the Mars One module will differ significantly from the composition of the equipment of the Phoenix module, and the Mars One module will require more energy. This will cause the solar batteries of the new module to have a larger area and a slightly different shape than the batteries of the predecessor module.

Connection

Communication is planned to be carried out using satellites located in orbit around the Sun, Mars and Earth. The minimum distance from Earth to Mars is 55 million kilometers, the maximum is 400 million kilometers when Mars is not hidden from the Earth by the Sun. The speed of the communication signal is equal to the speed of light, the minimum time before the signal arrives is 3 minutes, the maximum is 22. When Mars is hidden from the Earth by the Sun, communication without relay intermediate satellites is impossible. Text, audio and video messages will be available. Internet use is limited due to long signal latency, but colonists are expected to have a server preloaded with data that they can view at any time and which must be synchronized with Earth data at times. The life of the colonists will be broadcast to Earth around the clock.

Suppliers

Mars One representatives visited the following manufacturers of space equipment and materials. Contracts were signed with two of them - Paragon Space Development and Lockheed Martin, the essence and details of which have not been published:

Paragon Space Development (development of life support concepts and spacesuits)
Space Exploration Technologies (production and)
ILC Dover (development of software for space programs)
MDA Corporation (global supplier of spacecraft information systems)
Astrobotic Technology (space robotics and interplanetary missions)
Thales Alenia Space (innovative space systems)
Surrey Satellite Technology (world leader in small satellites)
Lockheed Martin (the largest military-industrial complex in the world, specialization: aerospace engineering)

Radiation and exposure of colonists

Infographic from the Mars One project, illustrating radiation levels for Mars colonists.

Data collected by instruments aboard the transit capsule that delivered the rover indicated that radioactive exposure for the permanent settlement mission would be within established limits adopted by space agencies.

Radiation on the way to Mars

Research published in the journal Science in May 2013 estimated that radiation exposure over a 360-day round trip flight was 662 ± 108 millisieverts (mSv) as measured by a Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD). Research shows that 95% of the radiation received by the RAD instrument comes from galactic cosmic rays, which are difficult to protect against without the use of prohibitively large shielding mass. During the 210-day journey, Mars One settlers will receive a radiation dose of 386 ± 63 mSv, using the most recent measurement data as a standard. Exposure will be below the upper limit of accepted standards in an astronaut's career: in the European, Russian and Canadian Space Agencies the limit is 1000 mSv, in NASA - 600-1200 mSv, depending on gender and age.

Radiation shelter in the Mars transit capsule

On the way to Mars, the team will be protected from solar particles by the design of the spacecraft. The crew will receive a total shielding protection of 10-15 g/cm² for the entire ship during the entire flight. In the event of solar flares or bursts of solar radiation, this shielding will not be enough, and the astronauts, having received a signal from the on-board radiation monitoring and alarm system, will wait in a more protected part of the ship. The dedicated radiation shelter will be surrounded by a water tank, providing additional protection of 40 g/cm². Astronauts should expect bursts of solar radiation on average once every 2 months - a total of about 3 or 4 during the entire flight, with each of them usually lasting no more than a couple of days.

Radiation on Mars

The Martian surface receives more radiation than the Earth's surface, but radiation there is also largely blocked. Radioactive exposure on the surface is 30 μSv (microsieverts) per hour during solar minimum; during solar maximum, the dose of equivalent radiation will decrease by a factor of two. If settlers spend about three hours out of three days on the surface of Mars outside a residential complex, their own radiation exposure will be 11 mSv per year. The habitable modules of Mars One will be covered with several meters of soil, which will provide reliable protection even from galactic cosmic radiation. 5 meters of soil will provide protection identical to the earth's atmosphere and equivalent to a shielding of 1000 g/cm². With the help of a forecasting system in the shelter, it will be possible to avoid surges of solar radiation in residential modules.

Total exposure

A 210-day flight would result in an exposure of 386 ± 63 mSv. On the surface, colonists will receive a radiation dose of 11 mSv per year - during their "open-air" activities. This means that settlers will be able to spend about sixty years on Mars before exceeding ESA limits on their astronaut careers.

Criticism

Doubts are expressed both about the technical feasibility of the project and about its financial organization.

In mid-March 2015, one of the 100 finalists, Irish physicist Joseph Roche, gave an interview in which he exposed the financial and organizational failure of the project. In particular, he said that the organizers of the project hope to receive financial resources from the candidates themselves for the colonization of the Red Planet: “When going through the selection procedure, you get points, but the only way to score them is by purchasing goods under the Mars One brand or donating money to the fund... In February the finalists received a list of tips and tricks for communicating with the press. It says: “If you are offered an interview fee, we ask that you donate 75 percent of it to Mars One.” However, the scientist was much more alarmed by the extremely careless procedure for selecting and testing future explorers of Mars. Instead of an hours-long personal interview and psychological and psychometric tests, the project's chief medical officer spoke with Roche for ten minutes on Skype, asking general questions about a text about Mars that had been handed out a month earlier. "An amateur video, a sloppily filled out application form, a short Skype interview - that's all the information they collected," he said.

26/03/2016 - 29/01/2017

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Events

A private organization begins to look candidates who would like to settle on Mars... forever.

The Dutch Mars One organization, which plans colonization of the Red Planet by 2023, recently published its application criteria and announced that it will finally select the first Earthlings to fly to Mars.

Colonization of Mars: selection of candidates

Who can apply for a one-way trip to the planet Mars? According to representatives of the Mars One project, any person who meets the requirements can become a marsonaut. following requirements:

Physically and mentally healthy person

Age over 18 years

Personal qualities: "hardy, easily adapts to new environments, inquisitive, creative and resourceful"

Possesses a deep understanding of the mission's purpose

Able to build and maintain healthy relationships

Possessing a penchant for introspection and the ability to trust

Candidates may be from any country in the world, but it is advisable to have basic knowledge of English. Also, everyone will have to devote 8 years of preparation for the 2023 mission.

And, given that this will be a flight without returning to Earth, perhaps a daredevil who decides on such a feat must either deeply hate planet Earth or have nothing to live for.

Mars flight program

The selection process begins in the first half of 2013. Experts and viewers of the reality show, which will talk about the preparation process, will select 6 groups of four people for the mission. Only one of these groups will travel to the Red Planet in September 2022 and settle on Mars, with other groups gradually joining them in the following years.

Participants will conduct 8 years of preparation, including mission simulations, practice in restricted environments, lessons on electronics, equipment repair, and basic medical care.

According to the Mars One project plan, reality TV will not only will help earthlings decide who will represent our planet, but will also become the main source of funding for the mission. The television show will cover the process of selection and preparation for the mission and document the lives of astronauts on Mars.

The first tests will be carried out in 2016, when rovers, equipment and power supplies will be sent to Mars.

Helpful information:

You can find useful information on the official project pages at Twitter and on Facebook.

For questions about selection and preparation, visit this page.

To receive updates about the project, fill out this form.

Project Mars 500: what will astronauts face on Mars?

Meanwhile, recently Russian space experiment Mars 500, which simulated a manned flight to Mars, revealed new challenges that Marsonauts will face.

Mars 500 is a space experiment that has been carried out under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the European Space Agency ESA and other international partners for more than 520 days from 2010 to 2011. In the experiment, a team of six astronauts were in a confined space, simulating a mission to the Red Planet. Data was collected on their daily activities, as well as the physical and mental health of the volunteers.

Most of the time, the volunteers had limited contact with the outside world, and the complex had no windows. Was held more than 100 different experiments, and the first results of the project have recently appeared.

All crew members left the project mentally and physically healthy.

Participants' sleep time increased by more than 8 percent on average ( 35 minutes more per day)

Crew members became less active. Most participants succumbed to boredom and monotony, led a sedentary lifestyle, and moved less.

- Sleep quality varied greatly among all 6 volunteers. One participant began sleeping on a 25-hour cycle rather than a 24-hour cycle. Another slept at different times of the day, some began to sleep less and less, unlike others.

One participant developed a mild form of depression

Aspects such as radiation and the effects of reduced gravity remained unexplored. Additionally, participants knew they weren't actually on Mars, which may have had a positive effect on their mental health.

Project will create a human settlement on the red planet in 2023. It is this year that the first group, consisting of 4 people, will land on Mars. Subsequently, such groups will join the settlement every two years. Of course, a mission like Mars 1 has both opponents and supporters. Some people consider this idea an extraordinary project, created by people with great imagination and a broad outlook. Someone thinks that this is quite achievable and this project can become the brightest media event in the history of all mankind. The people of planet Earth will follow the progress of this journey.

A little about the red planet

We've already been to the moon. Mars is so far from us; no human has ever set foot on this planet. The Red Planet and Planet Earth move around the Sun in their own orbit at different speeds. Therefore, the distance from Earth to Mars changes all the time, that is, it is not fixed. Thus, the minimum distance is about 58 million km, the maximum approaches 400 million km. For comparison, the average distance from Earth to the Sun is about 150 million km, and from Mars to the Sun -228 million km.

Project Mars One developed a mission that is much simpler than previous programs for the study and development of the red planet. One of the main conditions is that the crew will settle on the planet forever, that is, there will be no way back home.

Of course, this will allow the organizers of this mission to reduce project costs and reduce technical difficulties. Perhaps the return trip home would have cost the project organizers much more. But there is another side to the coin. Returns will not be possible due to the physical condition of the participants. A long flight (about 8 months) will cause muscle and bone loss. The gravitational field of the red planet is much stronger than the gravitational field of the Earth, so astronauts will no longer be able to get used to their previous terrestrial living conditions.

Anyone can apply to participate in the project.

Candidate requirements for the Mars One project

These must be persons at least 18 years of age.
They must pursue their goals with firm determination.
Learn to build and maintain friendly relationships with people.
Be curious, have a creative approach to business.
The official language in which the settlers will communicate will be English. Although the organizers do not place any restrictions on the nationality and citizenship of participants.
The project organizers also note that the selection will not take into account whether the candidate is already a ready-made specialist, for example, a doctor, geologist or pilot; anyone who has passed the selection and subsequent eight-year training course can become a participant. The final stage of selecting the four astronauts who will be the first to land on Mars will be broadcast live on television. Organizers of Mars 1 say they have no shortage of candidates. Even before the official announcement of the project, they received thousands of letters from those wishing to travel to the red planet.

By the way, the Dutch company Mars One has already begun selecting candidates to participate in the reality show. Currently, 10,000 applications have been registered from those interested. To apply, you must send a 30-second video with a story about why you want to leave planet Earth and settle on Mars.

All selected astronauts will be divided into three camps. They will undergo training in conditions close to those on Mars.

How the Mars One project is developing

Mars One employees have already visited leading aerospace companies. During the meetings, these companies confirmed their readiness to produce all the necessary equipment. At least one potential supplier was identified for each equipment component.

Funding for the Mars One project

This project is a completely private enterprise, that is, only private companies will participate in financing.

Plan to conquer Mars

2016 A communications satellite and resupply mission will be launched to Mars.
In 2018, a rover will be delivered to the red planet, which will determine the optimal location for the settlement.
In 2020, living quarters, life support systems, rovers and additional supplies will also be sent to Mars.
Mars rovers will prepare the settlement for the arrival of people. They will install inflatable sections of living quarters.
The first crew will go to Mars in September 2022, when all components of the settlement will be operational and will be able to provide human habitation.
In 7 months, in April 2023, humans will land on the red planet.

Undoubtedly, this will be a new giant leap for humanity and will make people's dream of exploring and conquering outer space come true. It will be an exciting experiment.

Hi all! Mars is an icy desert with an average temperature of about (-50) degrees, where sandstorms rage for many months. There is no magnetic field or ozone layer that would protect living beings from harmful cosmic radiation. But in just a few decades, Mars may become a new home for humanity... You are on the “Amazing Facts” channel - like and watch until the end! But it is known that the duration of the first mission will be one thousand one hundred days (1100). The UAE established its own space agency only in 2014, but it is already setting serious challenges for it. For example, already in 2021 they plan to fly around Mars.