May 9 is celebrated. Festival "Moscow Spring". The history of Victory Day

Sometimes people perceive the bright holiday of May 9 as a reason to drink, laugh and tear their shirts on their chests out of pride for their grandfathers. Life advises to spend this day in such a way that you do not feel painfully ashamed in front of the veterans.

Do not do it this way:

Don't tie yourself with a St. George's ribbon from head to toe. No bows, laces, or black and orange ties.

Don’t decorate your car with stickers with ridiculous inscriptions: “To Berlin!”, “I’m going to ram,” “You can’t see a dirty tank in battle.” There is nothing worse than a Volkswagen with the sticker “Friends! Don’t shoot! Captured car!”

Don't watch modern war films: in most cases this is not art, but commerce. Better watch the classic films: “Ivan’s Childhood”, “Twenty Days Without War” or “Ordinary Fascism”. They will never become outdated.

Don't knock back front shots at the dacha. By drinking like a pig, you are unlikely to honor the memory of your ancestors. Better stay in the city and congratulate the veterans.

Do not warm your hands by the Eternal Flame and do not light a cigarette from it, like a resident of Armavir, who was arrested for 12 days because of this.

Don't twerk near memorials. Remember the famous dance of girls from Novorossiysk near Malaya Zemlya. This cost them 15 days in prison.

Don't take pictures on a tank with a duck face.

Do not celebrate Victory Day at a discotheque, the poster of which depicts half-naked girls in military uniform, as in the announcement of the Tatarstan club.

How to correctly:

As a sign of remembrance and as a symbol of pride at the beginning of the weekend, tie one St. George's ribbon to your bag or attach it to your outerwear. And go study military equipment at the Kubinka Tank Museum. Here are collected the best examples of armored vehicles of various sizes, shapes, colors and countries, for example, Soviet, German, Japanese and American. You will learn about the exploits of tankers, what the T-34 is famous for and what its shortcomings are, what kind of slogans were written on the tanks.

Another film that deserves attention is “The Ballad of a Soldier” by Grigory Chukhrai, which will be shown at 15:00 in “Illusion” on May 7. The film is about what a wonderful person the main character could have become and how the war cut short his plans.

Much has been told and shown about the hostilities, but what is known about how and where fateful decisions for the country were made? The historical and documentary exhibition "1941. At the Victory Headquarters" in the New Manege reconstructs the interiors of the offices of top officials, where their strategic battles took place. Feel like one of the commanders at a meeting at the headquarters of Supreme Commander Stalin, where his correspondence with the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition Roosevelt and Churchill, documents on the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, maps of military operations with the leader’s notes are kept.

Spend the second day of the weekend at one of the main venues of this weekend - Victory Park. Start with the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, whose exhibition covers all stages of the fighting and will help you understand their chronology thanks to a computer database that provides comprehensive information about each battle and feat. The museum contains weapons, awards, uniforms, front-line letters and photographs that once belonged to Soviet soldiers.

On Poklonnaya Hill, the festive events will begin with a traditional festival, at which performances will be performed by creative teams of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.If you meet any veterans here, give them a happy holiday and thank them, and ask them a few questions about their service during the war. They will be pleased that people are interested in their fate.

And from 17:00 watch the performance of the Cavalry Honorary Escort of the Presidential Regiment and sing along with the performers of military songs at the festive concert until late in the evening.

On May 9, go straight to Tverskaya, to the very heart of the parade. First, get off at the Pushkinskaya metro station, where a huge crowd will be waiting for you. Your goal is to get through it and get as close as possible to the road along which military equipment will move to Red Square. The rule “I sit high, I look far” works here: a year ago the most desperate citizens climbed lampposts, to get a better look at tanks and armored vehicles. If you are not ready to become an urban climber, perch yourself on a truck - from there all the parade tanks will be clearly visible.

After the parade, buy carnations; there are plenty of flower shops on Pushkinskaya, and when you meet veterans along the way, give them flowers with words of gratitude.

Dining on this day is allowed only in the military field kitchen, which is located on Old Arbat. The menu includes soldier's porridge and naval pasta. Have time to have lunch by 13:00 - the beginning of the “Immortal Regiment” campaign. Don't forget to arrange the banner in advance. If there are no war veterans in your family, you can still join the procession to honor the memory of fallen soldiers.

And from 18:00 until the fireworks in Novopushkinsky Square, remember the feat of ordinary soldiers to the songs of the war years at the “Songs of Victory” concert in the company of the groups “The End of the Film” and VIA “Tatyana”.

Such a solemn day needs to be completed beautifully and traditionally - there are 15 sites in Moscow where you can watch the fireworks.

Interesting and useful information for schoolchildren about the Victory Day holiday.

On May 9, Russia celebrates Victory Day. Victory Day over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. The war began on June 22, 1941. Our entire people rose up to fight the Nazi invaders: queues formed at the military registration and enlistment offices, sometimes they went to the front straight from school. Only women, children and old people remained in the rear. They worked in factories, dug trenches, built defensive structures, and extinguished incendiary bombs on roofs. They also raised children and saved the future of the country. The main motto of the entire people was: “Everything for the front, everything for victory!”

But despite the heroic resistance, the enemy was uncontrollably approaching Moscow. To deceive the German pilots who bombed Moscow, houses and trees were painted on the Kremlin wall. The domes of the Kremlin cathedrals did not shine with gold: they were painted black, and the walls were covered with green and black stripes. Our fighters also blocked the path of enemy aircraft. A division under the command of General Panfilov fought on the approaches to Moscow. At the Dubosekovo railway crossing, twenty-eight of our soldiers with political instructor Vasily Klochkov stopped a fascist tank column. Before the start of the fierce battle, Klochkov uttered a phrase that became historical: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind.” Almost all of Panfilov’s heroes died, but did not allow enemy tanks to approach Moscow.

As Hitler's army advanced eastward, partisan detachments began to appear in the territories occupied by the Germans. Partisans blew up fascist trains, organized ambushes and surprise raids.

Berlin has fallen. The war of the Soviet and other peoples against German fascism ended in complete victory. But the price of this victory was great and bitter. Our country lost about 27 million people in this terrible war.

On May 9, 1945, Moscow was illuminated with fireworks to the long-awaited victory. Our entire country celebrated the first day of peace with jubilation. Muscovites left their homes and hurried to Red Square. On the streets, the military was hugged, kissed, grabbed and swung, thrown over the heads of the seething sea of ​​​​people. At midnight, an unprecedented fireworks display burst out. Thirty salvoes were fired from a thousand guns.

The holiday of May 9 has become sacred for each of us. We should all remember the past and thank the older generation for the Great Victory.

How to spend May 9th with your family

You should definitely congratulate all veterans you know on this holiday. The fascist fanatics prepared a terrible fate for many peoples. They wanted to wipe out entire nations from the face of the earth, leaving them without a future - without children. There was not a single family in our country to whom this war did not bring grief. And we all, born after this terrible war, should be grateful for our lives to the veterans of the Great Patriotic War! On this day, buy some carnations with your mom or dad and go to the city park. You will probably see people there with orders and medals on their chests. There are fewer and fewer heroes of that war every year. Come and congratulate such a person on the holiday, give him a flower or just a card. He will be very pleased that even the smallest Russians remember his feat.

And in the evening, when the whole family gets together, ask your parents to show you the family album. Surely there will be photographs of your great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers during the war years. These photographs are black and white, sometimes rusty with age. Let adults remember the names and surnames of those who look at you from the album pages, remember where your great-grandfathers worked and served during and after the war. If the photos are not signed, sign them together with mom and dad. Then you can look through and sign dad's army photos or mom and dad's student photos. And now your childhood photographs are smiling from the album. They are bright, elegant, colorful. This is exactly what those who will forever remain “black and white” dreamed of and fought for. All photographs must be signed. Because memory is short-lived. And “what is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe.” Someday you yourself will leaf through this album with your son or daughter and tell them the story of your family. In Rus', people who do not remember family traditions have long been spoken of disparagingly: “Ivan, who does not remember kinship.” Let's protect, preserve and enhance the history and traditions of our family!

You can end this slightly sad holiday with songs from the war years. They are known and loved in every Russian family. And, of course, the main song of this holiday is “Victory Day”. Before everyone sings it together, you need to stand up and take a minute of silence to honor the memory of all the fallen soldiers from the front and rear.

Song "Victory Day"

Music: David Tukhmanov

Words: Vladimir Kharitonov

Victory Day,

how far he was from us,

Like in an extinguished fire

the coal was melting.

There were miles

burnt, in dust, -

We are approaching this day

as best they could.

Chorus:

This Victory Day

smelled like gunpowder

This is a holiday

with gray hair at the temples.

This is joy

with tears in his eyes.

Victory Day!

Victory Day!

Victory Day!

Days and nights

at open hearth furnaces

Our Motherland did not close

Days and nights

fought a difficult battle -

We are approaching this day

as best they could.

Chorus.

Hello mother,

Not all of us returned...

Would like to go for a run barefoot

We walked half of Europe,

half the Earth, -

We are approaching this day

as best they could.

Chorus.

There is a common misconception that Victory Day on May 9 became a day off only under Brezhnev. This is not true - from 1945 to 1947 this day was also a day off. Inside the posting are scans (published in the poltora-bobra LiveJournal) from newspapers with the corresponding decrees.

The act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany was signed on May 8 at 22:43 Central European time (that is, May 9 at 0:43 Moscow time) and came into force from 24:00 Moscow time. It is because of this natural time difference that Victory Day is celebrated on May 8th all over the world, and on the 9th in the Soviet Union. The day before, on May 8, 1945, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a Decree declaring May 9 as Victory Day over Nazi Germany: “To commemorate the victorious completion of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders and the historical victories of the Red Army, which culminated in complete defeat Hitler’s Germany, which declared unconditional surrender, establish that May 9 is a day of national celebration - Victory Day.”

On December 23, 1947, in the USSR, Victory Day on May 9 was declared a regular working day. At the same time, January 1 was declared a day off - before that, from 1930 to 1947, the New Year was celebrated in the USSR, of course, but January 1 was a working day. Because The New Year is largely a children's holiday, so we can say that in this way adults gave Victory Day to children. In the conditions of devastation, it was not possible to take another day off.

Scan from the newspaper "Izvestia" No. 302 dated December 24, 1947.

There is a version that Stalin made May 9 a working day, because... I was afraid of veterans and did not want to glorify their merits.
“They,” writes front-line soldier Anatoly Chernyaev, who later became assistant to Secretary General Gorbachev, “have seen the West. They've seen everything. They acquired new human dignity... Stalin was right to fear this generation.”

To assess the validity of this statement, you need to look at what Soviet newspapers wrote on Victory Day after 1947.

Literary newspaper, May 8, 1948

Trud, May 8, 1948

"Soviet Art", May 7, 1949

"Soviet Art", May 9, 1949

As we can see, tribute was paid to the victorious front-line soldiers in newspaper articles. Victory Day was celebrated at the state level, this event was covered in the press, festive concerts were organized for the people, it was just a working day. Thus, the thesis that Stalin was “afraid of front-line soldiers” is not confirmed in practice.

In the year of the twentieth anniversary of the Victory, by Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 25, 1965, May 9 was declared a non-working day and a national holiday. By this time, the country had already recovered from the ruins, so the introduction of an additional day off was not critical for the economy.

Victory Day in 2019 is celebrated in Russia on May 9 - this is the 74th anniversary of the holiday. On this day, Russians celebrate the victory of Soviet troops over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. They honor the memory of fallen soldiers, hold parades and arrange fireworks. This is a day off in the Russian Federation.

Holiday traditions

Victory Day is a favorite holiday for people of all ages. On May 9, Russians go to parades with flowers and wreaths, which they lay in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers.

In Moscow, the main parade takes place on Red Square. Military equipment, troops and aircraft are demonstrated on Poklonnaya Hill. In St. Petersburg, the main ceremonies take place at the Piskarevskoye cemetery and at the memorial plaque on Nevsky Prospekt. In Volgograd, the central place of celebration is Mamayev Kurgan.

The solemn flower-laying ceremony ends with a minute of silence in memory of those killed during the Great Patriotic War. Festive parades are accompanied by concerts in which famous pop stars and amateur art groups take part. At concerts they sing songs of the war years and read poetry. Schools and educational institutions host meetings with veterans who tell wartime stories. Students give them flowers and gifts.

The new symbol of Victory Day is the St. George Ribbon. It is a bicolor of orange and black longitudinal stripes that symbolize flame and smoke. It was founded by Empress Catherine II. Guards (St. George) ribbon is a badge of honor for soldiers. Since 2005, the “I Remember!” campaign began. I'm proud!". Volunteers hand out ribbons that people pin to their clothing as a sign of respect for the heroism of the soldiers. The action is actively supported by young people. Every year more and more cities participate in it.

Since 2012, the “Immortal Regiment” campaign has been held. For the first time it was held in Tomsk. In subsequent years, it spread throughout the cities of Russia and the CIS countries. Everyone can take part in the action. People take to the streets and march in a colony with banners on which are attached photographs of relatives and friends who died or participated in hostilities.

On May 9, in Orthodox churches after the Liturgy, a thanksgiving prayer service and litany for the fallen soldiers are held.

history of the holiday

The Great Patriotic War lasted from 1941 to 1945. It was a major part of World War II. The forces of the Red Army and the indestructible spirit of the soldiers helped defeat the Nazi troops. From April 16 to May 8, 1945, the Berlin offensive operation continued, during which the Red Army occupied the German capital. On May 9 at 0.43 Moscow time, the Chief of Staff of the Supreme High Command, Field Marshal Keitel, signed the Act of Unconditional Surrender of Germany.

Stalin signed a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, according to which May 9 became a public holiday - Victory Day. At 6 o'clock in the morning the decree was read out on the radio. During the day, people took to the city streets. They congratulated each other, cried with happiness and sang songs. In the evening, the Victory Salute took place in Moscow, which is still considered the largest in history. Of the thousands of artillery pieces, 30 salvos were fired.

From 1948 to 1965, May 9 was not a holiday. On the 20th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Brezhnev returned the celebration to the status of a public holiday and day off.

May 9 was declared the Day of Military Glory of Russia by Federal Law of March 13, 1995 No. 32-FZ “On Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates in Russia.” The status of a public holiday is fixed in Art. 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation No. 197-FZ of December 30, 2001

Victory Day is a great holiday. The Second World War affected all families. Every person has someone to remember on this day. Many soldiers gave their lives for the peace and tranquility of their native land.

After long and bloody battles, on May 9 at 0:43 Moscow time, the Act of Unconditional Surrender of Germany was signed. The Soviet Union won this war. Having accepted the surrender of Germany, the USSR did not sign a peace agreement with it and remained in a state of war for some time. Documentedly, the war with Germany ended only on January 21, 1955, after the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR made such a decision. And yet we perceive the Great Patriotic War as a war that lasted until May 9, 1945.

About 2.5 million soldiers were involved in the war with Germany. The losses suffered by the Soviet Union were simply enormous; according to some sources, our army lost up to fifteen thousand people per day. About 325 thousand soldiers and officers died in this war.

The use of tanks in urban areas did not give them room for wide maneuvers, which was very convenient for German anti-tank weapons; in just a few weeks, 1,997 tanks, 2,108 guns and 917 aircraft were lost in the Berlin operation.

But the losses did not affect the course of events; Soviet troops still defeated the enemies, capturing approximately 480 thousand people and destroying 70 enemy infantry, 11 motorized and 12 tank divisions.

On May 9, 1945, a plane landed on Red Square, which delivered the Act of Surrender of Germany. And already on June 24, the first Victory Parade took place, which was hosted by Marshal Zhukov and commanded by Konstantin Rokossovsky. Regiments of the Belarusian, Leningrad, Karelian, and Ukrainian fronts, as well as a combined regiment of the Navy, marched along Red Square. Ahead of everyone were the commanders of these regiments, Heroes of the Soviet Union, who carried the flags and banners of the units that distinguished themselves in the war. At the end of the parade, 200 banners of defeated Germany were carried and dropped at the Lenin Mausoleum.

The first Victory Day was celebrated in a way that, probably, very few holidays were celebrated in the history of the USSR and Russia. People on the streets congratulated each other, hugged, kissed and cried. On May 9, in the evening, the Victory Salute was given in Moscow, the largest in the history of the USSR: thirty salvos were fired from a thousand guns.

Stalin signed a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR that May 9 becomes a public holiday, Victory Day, and is declared a day off. At 6 o'clock in the morning Moscow time, this Decree was read out on the radio by announcer Levitan.

However, May 9th was a public holiday for only three years. In 1948, it was ordered to forget about the war and devote all efforts to restoring the national economy destroyed by the war. And only in 1965, already during the Brezhnev era, the holiday was again given its due. May 9 became a day off again, Parades, large-scale fireworks in all cities - Heroes and honoring of veterans - resumed.

Abroad, Victory Day is celebrated on May 9 and 8. This is due to the fact that the act of surrender was signed according to Central European time on May 8, 1945 at 22:43. When in Moscow, with its two-hour time difference, May 9 had already arrived. War-torn Europe also celebrated Victory Day sincerely and publicly. On May 9, 1945, in almost all European cities, people congratulated each other and the winning soldiers.

In London, the center of the celebrations was Buckingham Palace and Trafalgar Square. People were congratulated by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Winston Churchill gave a speech from the balcony of Buckingham Palace. In the USA, there are two Victory Days: V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day) and V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day). Americans celebrated both of these Victory Days in 1945 on a grand scale, honoring their veterans and remembering President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who did so much for the Victory and did not live to see it less than a month (he died on April 12, 1945).

On this holiday, you should definitely congratulate all the veterans you know, because it was thanks to them that many of us were born. It is not known what would have happened to our country if we had not won. Victory Day means spring, which means a sea of ​​flowers. You should definitely give your grandparents, who fought for calm and peace in our country, a bouquet of flowers. You can add anything else to the flowers that you deem necessary - be it books, dishes or a souvenir, the most important thing is that you will pay attention to your relatives who once fought for the honor of the country.

(c) according to information from oasisfestival.ru and other sites.